No abstract

Carbamoyloxyimino (COI) groups are precursors of photochemically basegenerating groups as well as those of thermally isocyanate-generating groups. In this study, photochemical and thermal reactions of COI groups in oligomers were investigated by spectral analyses and solubility changes. Oligomers bearing three types of COI groups were prepared. COI groups in all oligomer films were photolyzed on irradiation with 254 nm of light and were deblocked to form isocyanato groups on heating. From the IR spectral analyses, the formation of urea linkage was confirmed by the decrease in isocyanato groups and peak generation because of urea groups on postexposure bake (PEB) treatment. For all oligomer films, PEB was effective for the enhancement of insolubilization of the films in tetrahydrofuran. Heating followed by irradiation was also effective for the insolubilization. These results indicated that photochemical and thermal treatments of COI groups afforded highly sensitive crosslinking systems because of photochemically generated basic groups and thermally generated isocyanato groups.

There are a variety of alternative disposal methods for organic waste treatment system in uiban cities. As for an optical decision-making, a computer model for systematic assessment of organic waste materials from waste disposal, waste water disposal and self-composting system, which enables a comparison of the outcome brought by kw policies among these alternative methods was developed. The future projection of the waste streams in each system for thirty years with a good reflection of citizens' choice among diverse waste disposal methods characterizes this model. The amount of carbon dioxide emission and the cost were employed as indexes for the assessment. This model has flexibility for the future changes in waste management options and in recycling methods.