LaGaO,-based perovskite oxides doped with Sr and Mg exhibit high ionic conductivity over a wide range of oxygen partial pressure. In this study, the stability of LaGaO,-based oxide was investigated. The LaGaO,-based oxide was found to be very stable in reducing, oxidizing, and CO2 atmospheres. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using LaGaO,-based perovskite-type oxide as the electrolyte were studied for use in intermediate-temperature SOFCs. The power-generation characteristics of cells were strongly affected by the electrodes. Both Ni and LnCoO, (Ln:rare earth) were suitable for use as anode and cathode, respectively. Rare-earth cations in the Ln site of the Co-based perovskite cathode also had a significant effect on the power-generation characteristics. In particular a high power density could be attained in the temperature range 973-1273 K by using a doped SmCoO, for the cathode. Among the examined alkaline earth cations, Srdoped SmCoO, exhibits the smallest cathodic overpotential resulting in the highest power density. The electrical conductivity of SmCoO3 increased with increasing Sr doped into the Sm site and attained a maximum at Sm0 ,Sr,,CoO3. The cathodic overpotential and internal resistance of the cell exhibited almost the opposite dependence on the amount of doped Sr. Consequently, the power density of the cell was a maximum when Sm0 ,Sr,,CoO, was used as the cathode. For this cell, the maximum power density was as high as 0.58 W/cm2 at 1073 K, even though a 0.5 mm thick electrolyte was used. This study revealed that a LaGaO,-based oxide for electrolyte and a SmCoO,-based oxide for the cathode are promising components for SOFCs operating at intermediate temperature.

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To cite this article: Furukawa S, Nogami K, Ogiwara K, Yada K, Minami H, Shima M. Systematic monitoring of hemostatic management in hemophilia A patients with inhibitor in the perioperative period using rotational thromboelastometry. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13: 1279-84.Summary. Background: The management of hemophilia A (HA) patients with inhibitors on bypassing therapy remains challenging. In particular, the monitoring of treatment is restricted by the limited reliability and lack of standardization of currently available methods to evaluate the physiological effects of various hemostatic agents. Accurate monitoring of these patients is particularly important in surgical situations. The recently developed comprehensive coagulation assays, including rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), may be useful in these circumstances. Objective: We have attempted to establish a systematic monitoring protocol using ROTEM (NATEM triggered by CaCl 2 ) to evaluate the choice and effectiveness of different bypassing agents in the perioperative period. Methods and Results: The hemostatic effects of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) were determined using a three-step procedure (spike, preoperative and perioperative) in eight patients with HA inhibitor admitted for elective surgery and assessed for individually tailored therapy. The ROTEM parameters demonstrated similar improvement to approximately normal levels at each stage after treatment with rFVIIa. Results in the presence of aPCC showed a marked improvement in the spike data, although this appeared to be different from those in the preoperative and perioperative assessments. The information derived from the spike and preoperative findings provided a useful guide for establishing an effective dose of therapeutic material, and facilitated good hemostatic control during and after surgery in all cases. Conclusion:The findings suggest that this systematic analysis using ROTEM could provide a promising strategy for the use of bypassing therapy in HA patients with inhibitor.

We applied the arterial and venous occlusion technique in an in situ, isolated left lower lobe preparation of a dog lung to compare the effects of hypoxia with the effects of airway pressure elevation, and the infusion of serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine. The total arteriovenous pressure drop across the lobe was partitioned longitudinally into pressure drops across the relatively indistensible arteries (delta Pa) and veins (delta Pv) and across the middle distensible vessels (delta Pm). Hypoxia increased primarily delta Pm, as did elevation of airway pressure, whereas the vasoactive drugs increased either delta Pa or delta Pv. The increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) caused by hypoxia and by elevation of airway pressure were independent of blood flow rate, but increases in Pa induced by the vasoactive drugs were dependent on flow rate. We conclude that in the dog hypoxia acts primarily on small distensible vessels, whereas pulmonary vasoactive drugs constrict the relatively indistensible arteries and veins. It is possible that the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia did not involve smooth muscle contraction.

Application of the new oxide ion conductor of composition L%.$ro.lG%.8Mgo.203 as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is effective in enabling a decrease in the operating temperature.