The tetracationic diketopyrrolopyrrole compound 5M exhibits a σ2 value of 4560 GM at 740 nm.

No abstract

The chemical reaction of group-14 elements with molecular nitrogen at pressures above 60 GPa successfully leads to the formation of pyrite-type pernitrides. These new crystalline group-14 elemental pernitrides were found to show a bulk modulus higher than the other known group-14 elemental nitrides. Our results offer significant new progress in the solid-state chemistry of nitrides.

Twod ifferentchromophores,n amely ad ipolar and an octupolar system,w ere prepared and their linear and nonlinear optical properties as well as their bioimaging capabilities were compared. Both contain triphenylamine as the donor and at riarylboranea st he acceptor, the latter modified with cationic trimethylammonio groups to provide solubility in aqueous media. The octupolar systeme xhibits a much higher two-photon brightness, and also better cell viability and enhanced selectivity for lysosomes comparedw ith the dipolar chromophore. Furthermore, both dyes were applied in two-photon excitedf luorescence( TPEF) live-cell imaging.[**] We are aware that the dipole moment m in our charged compounds is origin-dependenta nd not an observable quantity. [35] For simplification, we use the term dipole moment to describe the electron-density distribution in our chargedc ompounds. Thus,the terms dipole and octupole are used accordingly.Supporting information and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this articlecan be found under: https://doi.org/10.

Synthetic chemical fluorescent dyes promise to be useful for many applications in biology. Covalent, targeted labeling, such as with a SNAP-tag, uses synthetic dyes to label specific proteins in vivo for studying processes such as endocytosis or for imaging via super-resolution microscopy. Despite its potential, such chemical tagging has not been used effectively in plants. A major drawback has been the limited knowledge regarding cell wall and membrane permeability of the available synthetic dyes. Of 31 synthetic dyes tested here, 23 were taken up into BY-2 cells, while eight were not. This creates sets of dyes that can serve to measure endocytosis. Three of the dyes that were able to enter the cells, SNAP-tag ligands of diethylaminocoumarin, tetramethylrhodamine, and silicon-rhodamine 647, were used to SNAP-tag a-tubulin. Successful tagging was verified by live cell imaging and visualization of microtubule arrays in interphase and during mitosis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. Fluorescence activation-coupled protein labeling with DRBG-488 was used to observe PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) endocytosis and delivery to the vacuole as well as preferential delivery of newly synthesized PIN2 to the actively forming cell plate during mitosis. Together, the data demonstrate that specific self-labeling of proteins can be used effectively in plants to study a wide variety of cellular and biological processes.