Higher-speed signal transmission is strongly required on a printed circuit board to handle massive data in electronic systems. So, signal transmission loss of copper wiring on a printed circuit board has been studied. First, total signal loss was divided into dielectric loss and conductor loss quantitatively based on electromagnetic theory. In particular, the scattering loss due to surface roughness of copper foil has been examined in detail. And the usefulness of the copper foil with low surface roughness has been demonstrated.

A method for quantitative analysis of piezomodulation spectra of a thin film on a substrate, including the internal reflection in the system, is presented. This method is applied to Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) derivatives on glass substrates. A uniaxial stress was applied along the symmetry axis of the film. The spectra were measured in the region from 1.5 to 2.4 eV in three configurations; transmission, reflection from the film side, and reflection from the substrate side. The optimum Lorentzian parameters and their changes due to the stress are determined by the least-mean-square fit. The microstructures and electronic states of the LB film are discussed from the stress effects. The very small feature, which is hardly identified in the absorption spectra because of the large Frenkel exciton band, is attributed to a charge transfer (CT) excitation.

An ultrasonic-based bladder scanner to evaluate the amount of urine inside the bladder for urine-incontinence patients is presented. This sensing device consists of two-dimension concave probe, which is meant to focus on the center of pubic-peritoneum-window. This kind of probe, which implants a limited number of ultrasonic-transducers, is expected to permit an efficient and practical evaluation of shape and volume of the bladder even in case of small pubic-peritoneum-window and/or bladder asymmetry when it is shifted to the right or left side of the body. It is concluded that, using this novel probe and signal processing, the amount of urine inside the bladder can be precisely estimated.Index Terms-2D concave probe, A-Mode, Bladder scanner, Ultrasonic sensor.

The electronic structure of highly oriented films of iodinated palladium phthalocyanine (PdPcI,), which are obtained by vacuum-evaporation of PdPc on mica substrates and subsequent iodine-doping, are studied by the piezoabsorption spectroscopy. Iodines are present as linear chains of I ; ions in between PdPc stacks, which is confirmed by resonant Raman scattering spectroscopy. The piezoabsorption spectra is measured under a uniaxial stress along the PdPc stacking axis. It is found that the tensile stress induces charge transfer from PdPc molecules to iodines in the lightly doped films and charge back-transfer in the heavily doped films, and the charge transfer is not induced at the critical doping level.Mittels Piezoabsorptionsspektroskopie wird die Elektronenstruktur von hochorientierten, jodierten Palladiumphthalozyanin (PdPc1,)-Schichten untersucht, die durch Vakuumniederschlag von PdPc auf Glimmer und nachfolgender Joddotierung erhalten werden. Jod liegt als lineare Kette von I;-Ionen zwischen PdPc-Stapeln vor, was durch resonante Ramanstreuspektroskopie bestatigt wird. Das Piezoabsorptionsspektrum wird unter uniaxialer Spannung in Richtung der PdPc-Stapelachse gemessen. Es wird gefunden, dal3 Zugspannung Ladungstransfer von PdPc-Molekulen zu Jodionen in den schwach dotierten Schichten und Ladungs-Rucktransfer in den stark dotierten Schichten hervorruft und dal3 beim kritischen Dotierungsniveau kein Ladungstransfer induziert wird. ~_ _ _I) Tokiwadai 156,