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The casting trials were executed with the pilot caster set up Mould powder consumption is an important in the Kashima Steelworks. This pilot caster is equipment of parameter in continuous casting. Previous the scale of the corresponding real operation, and about investigations, involving regression analysis or 100 t of steel can be cast. The casting speed range of this estimation of powder consumption, have identified pilot caster is from 1·6 to 8·0 m min -1 . The mould crossthe factors controlling powder consumption.section is 90 mm thickness and 1000 mm width. Powder However, those data were obtained for casting consumption was ascertained by measuring the amount of speeds less than 2 m min -1 , and some relate powder turned onto the mould. A vertical bending casting to speeds less than 1 m min -1 . Sumitomo Metal machine operating at casting speeds v c of 2-8 m min -1 was Industries has developed a medium thick high used. The chemical compositions of the molten steels and speed continuous casting operation for speeds details of the mould powders used are given in Tables 1 between 2 and a maximum of 8 m min -1 . Some of and 2 respectively. the powder consumption data obtained using the new process could not be explained on the basis of the former investigations: these data are RESULTS discussed in the present report. The conclusionsThe powder consumption data obtained for casting speeds drawn are: (i) gravity is the main driving force for of from 2 to 8 m min -1 are shown in Fig. 1. The powder inflow of liquid powder between mould wall and consumption decreases with increasing casting speed. The solidified shell; (ii) to increase the powder powder consumption for~8 m min -1 is 0·1 kg m -2 , which consumption per unit strand surface area for is much less than that for the low casting speed region. speeds of~8 m min -1 is difficult; and (iii) a powder Casting conditions were extremely steady even for such consumption of under 0·1 kg m -2 is sufficient when extremely low powder consumption, and sticker breakout casting at 8 m min -1 .I&S/1703 did not occur at all. Moreover, the surface quality of the slab was excellent. From observations of the oscillation The authors are at the Corporate Research and Development marks, it is assumed that liquid phase powder lubricated Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Industries, 16-1 Sunayama, Hasakitown, Kashima-gun, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan (kawamoto-msy@ the surface of the slab. Moreover, sticking marks were not aw.sumikin.co.jp) . Based on a presentation at the 6th International observed. Conference on 'Molten slags, fluxes, and salts' held in Stockholm and Helsinki on 12-16 June 2000. DISCUSSION

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