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In a summer training camp, strenuous physical exercises are carried out to improve endurance ability. The effects of the training stress on the immune system have been studied extensively. However, less attention has been paid to non-specific immunological changes. Serum opsonic activity (SOA) is a more direct and suitable indicator of non-specific humoral immunity. In this study, we used the luminal-dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL) to measure reactive oxygen species generation from pooled human neutrophils as an indicator of SOA. We also measured plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma cytokine levels. Twenty-two female college runners took part in this study after giving their written informed consent. There was no significant difference in the physical characteristics and serum enzyme levels. However, significant differences were observed in the changes of blood property and plasma cytokine levels. According to MPO levels, neutrophils in vivo may be deactivated during the camp. Positive correlations between fluctuations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed in this study. According to the results of peak time and peak height of LmCL, SOA seems to increase at first qualitatively and then quantitatively during the summer camp. The increased SOA level may compensate for the decrease in neutrophil activity.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between continuous exercise and engagement in sports activities from junior high school and generalized self-efficacy(GSE)during senior high school in male students. Methods：We conducted this study at a private boysʼ senior high school in Japan. A self-report questionnaire assessing previous(i. e., junior high school)and current(i. e., senior high school)exercise and sports practices was administered to all 1st and 2nd year students in physical education classes；cross-sectional data were obtained from 1,187 students(response rate：83.0％). We evaluated current GSE using the Japanese version of the GSE Scale. Subjects were divided into the following six groups based on whether they belonged to a sports club at junior high school (belonged or did not belong to sports club)and exercise and sports habits in senior high school(no practice, individual practice, belonged to a sports club) ：1) never belonged to a sports club(did not belong／no practice, n＝96), 2)stopped belonging to a sports club (belonged／no practice, n＝454), 3)began sports individually(did not belong／individual practice, n＝10), 4)continued sports individually(belonged／individual practice, n＝79), 5)began belonging to a sports club (did not belong／belonged, n＝21), and 6) continued belonging to a sports club (belonged／belonged, n＝527).We used analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), adjusting for potential cofounders, to compare GSE between the six groups. Results：As a result of the ANCOVA, the following three groups had significantly higher GSE than the never