We carried out experiments to investigate the light output response of NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), GSO(Ce) and LYSO(Ce) crystals for intermediate-energy 4 He, 12 C and 40 Ar beams from HIMAC at National Institute of Radiological Sciences. And we investigate the light output of these crystals for several-energy gamma-ray for comparison. From these light output responses, we obtained the relationships between the scintillation efficiency (dL/dx) and the specific energy loss (dE/dx) for each crystal. The scintillation efficiency curves of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) crystal have the peak in a particular dE/dx. On the other hand, the scintillation efficiency curves of GSO(Ce) and LYSO(Ce) crystal decrease with increasing dE/dx. The light output curves of these crystals were systematically reproduced using obtained scintillation efficiencies.

This study examined the association among the onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), blood glucose levels (HbA1 C ), and body mass index (BMI) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Patients eligible for this study included those with type 2 diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between 2000 and 2018 and were followed up for more than two years. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in four categories of subjects: at the beginning of the follow-up period, ''controlled" or ''uncontrolled" glycemic control based on HbA1c and ''overweight" or ''non-overweight" based on BMI. Results: After dividing the participants into four categories according to HbA1c (lower than 7.0% (C) or higher (U)), and BMI (25 kg/m 2 or higher (O) or lower (N)), hazard ratios for groups CO, UN, and UO were 1.40 (95% CI 1.03-1.90, P = 0.030), 1.40 (1.04-1.88, P = 0.027), and 1.54 (1.12-2.11, P = 0.008), respectively, compared with the CN reference group, after adjustment was made for age, sex, duration of diabetes, and medication for hypertension or dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Maintenance of both an HbA1c level lower than 7.0% and a BMI lower than 25 kg/m 2 was important for the prevention of DKD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both factors had a similar effect on DKD in this study.

Deuteron production from intermediate-energy proton-nucleus interactions was investigated through experiments and model calculations, mainly to develop a theoretical model by elucidating the mechanism of cluster production. Spectral double-differential cross sections were measured for inclusive (p, dx) reactions on five targets in the periodic table, namely 12 C, 27 Al, 51 V, 93 Nb, and 197 Au, at beam energies of 300 and 392 MeV. The cross sections were determined in almost the entire outgoing energy range from the highest down to 30 MeV and at laboratory angles from 20 • to 104 • . To interpret the measured spectra, we proposed a new model that includes the nucleon correlations of the initial-and final-state interactions to describe cluster knockout and pickup within the intranuclear cascade model. The results of the model calculations showed reasonable agreements with those of the experiments. Moreover, the model indicated reasonable predictive power for the (p, 3 Hex), (p, αx), and (d, d x) reactions measured elsewhere. The quantum molecular dynamics model underpredicts the results of the experiments by two to three orders except for low-energy portions of the (p, dx) spectra.

A calculation system for the estimation of decontamination effects (CDE) is developed in the present work to aid in the effective planning of decontamination procedures. This system calculates dose rate distribution before and after decontamination according to the distribution of radioactivity and the decontamination factor. A dose rate reduction factor is also used to estimate decontamination effects. Results obtained from CDE were compared with measurements and particle and heavy-ion transport code system (PHITS) simulations. The CDE successfully reproduced the measured and calculated dose rate distributions, requiring less than several seconds of calculation time.