Adipose‐derived stem cells (AdSCs) have recently been shown to differentiate into cardiovascular lineage cells. The cell density and proliferation activity of cardiac‐derived AdSCs were significantly increased compared with the other adipose tissue‐derived AdSCs. Cardiac adipose tissue could be an ideal source for isolation of therapeutically effective AdSCs for cardiac regeneration in ischemic heart diseases.

In angiosperms, endosperm development comprises a series of developmental transitions controlled by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that are initiated after double fertilization. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a key component of these mechanisms that mediate histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3); the action of PRC2 is well described in Arabidopsis thaliana but remains uncertain in cereals. In this study, we demonstrate that mutation of the rice (Oryza sativa) gene EMBRYONIC FLOWER2a (OsEMF2a), encoding a zinc-finger containing component of PRC2, causes an autonomous endosperm phenotype involving proliferation of the central cell nuclei with separate cytoplasmic domains, even in the absence of fertilization. Detailed cytological and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the autonomous endosperm can produce storage compounds, starch granules, and protein bodies specific to the endosperm. These events have not been reported in Arabidopsis. After fertilization, we observed an abnormally delayed developmental transition in the endosperm. Transcriptome and H3K27me3 ChIP-seq analyses using endosperm from the emf2a mutant identified downstream targets of PRC2. These included >100 transcription factor genes such as type-I MADS-box genes, which are likely required for endosperm development. Our results demonstrate that OsEMF2a-containing PRC2 controls endosperm developmental programs before and after fertilization.

Adenomyosis is a commonly encountered gynecological disease, affecting women of reproductive age. Although the prevalence of adenomyosis remains unknown, the diagnosis is more often made in multiparous patients, in their fourth and fifth decade of life. 1 Clinical problems caused by adenomyosis include the impaired quality of life due to severe painful symptoms, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and infertility, demanding appropriate treatment. 2 Despite its prevalence and the severity of the symptoms, the pathogenesis and etiology of adenomyosis have yet to be elucidated. Epidemiological data suggest that a large number of births, spontaneous and induced abortions, and endometrial hyperplasia are associated with increased risks of adenomyosis. 3 Other risk factors associated with

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