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The effect of the sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na/K) on renal function within the clinically normal range of renal function are limited. We investigated the effects of an estimated 24 h urinary Na/K (e24hUNa/K) on a 6-year renal function decline among 927 urban Japanese community dwellers with no history of cardiovascular diseases and medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. We partitioned the subjects into quartiles according to the e24hUNa/K. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD/EPI) formula and renal function decline was defined as an absolute value at or above the third quartile of the eGFR decline rate. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for estimation. Compared with the first quartile of the e24hUNa/K, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for eGFR decline in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–1.51), 1.06 (0.67–1.66), and 1.65 (1.06–2.57), respectively. These results were similar when the simple spot urine Na/K ratio was used in place of the e24hUNa/K. Apparently healthy urban residents with an almost within normal range mean baseline eGFR and high e24hUNa/K ratios had an increased risk for a future decline in renal function. Reducing the Na/K ratio may be important in the prevention of chronic kidney disease in its early stage.

Summary:A simple and specific assay was developed for the determination of cysteine. Cysteine was reacted with /7-dimethylaminöcinnamaldehyde in methanol at 60 °C for 2 h in the presence of sulphuric acid äs a catalyst. Absorbance was ineasured at 587 nm; the chromogen was stable at 60 °C for at least 5 h. The colour reactiqn was specific for cysteine, and was negative for other amino acids but positive for cysteamine. The absorbance followed Beer's law in the ränge from 0.825 to 413« 1/1, and the apparent molar lineic absorbance was calculated to be 5000 m 2 · mol" 1 . This procedure is applicable to the determination of cysteine and cystine in amino acid mixtures and in plasma, since cystine can be quantitatively reduced to cysteine with dithiothreitol under alkaline conditions. Recovery of cysteine and cystine from human plasma was 98.5 to 103% and 94.2 to 102%, respectively. Einfache und spezifische kolorimetrische Bestimmung von Cystein mit p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyd Zusammenfassung