The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and a smell ability questionnaire were administered to 167 Japanese volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. Of these subjects, 80 also received the T&T olfactometer threshold test. Of the latter subjects, 36 were patients tested before endoscopic nasal surgery for sinusitis and polyposis. The patients exhibited decreased smell function, as measured by the T&T olfactometer, the UPSIT, and a 30-item version of the UPSIT in which the 10 least familiar items were removed (ps < 0.001). Spearman correlations ranging from 0.53 to 0.70 were found between (i) scores on the 30- and 40-item UPSITs and (ii) the T&T detection and recognition threshold values. Significant correlations were found between scores on the smell ability questionnaire and the olfactory test measures (UPSIT30 r = 0.56; UPSIT40 r = 0.58; T&T detection r = 0.56; T&T recognition r = 0.69, p < 0.001), indicating that subjects are relatively accurate in assessing their olfactory ability. This study suggests that the 30 and 40-item UPSITs correlate well with measures derived from the T&T olfactometer, and that all three tests are sensitive to the smell loss of Japanese sinusitis/polyposis patients.

Domino coupling of enones and enynes, which proceeds via the formation of three carbon-carbon bonds and the cleavage of one carbon-carbon bond, was developed using a Ni(0) and ZnCl2 system.

In order to study the efficacy of surgical intervention, as well as the influence of cigarette smoking on olfaction in clinical states, we examined olfactory ability by means of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). We enrolled 37 patients 21 to 60 years of age who underwent surgery for chronic sinusitis. Normosmia was defined as an UPSIT score of 30 or more. Among these patients, 31 had a disturbance in their smelling ability in the preoperative stage, and the improvement rate, defined as a rise in score of 4 or more points after surgery, was 64.5%; 11 were well healed. However, all 7 patients who were more than 40 years old at the time of surgery, and currently smoking cigarettes, had a significant deficit in olfaction in the preoperative stage and even in the postoperative stage. This study demonstrated that cigarette smoking has adverse effects on olfactory ability, especially for older patients.

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Aims:The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of "a scale of hospital nurses' nursing activities towards providing home care," and to elucidate factors related to the implementation of nursing activities towards providing home care. Methods: Data from two surveys of nurses in 11 hospitals in Gunma Prefecture were reanalyzed to assess the reliability and validity of the scale and to investigate the relationship between their attributes and the factor scores. Results: Data from 1568 nurses in the 2014 survey and 1693 nurses in the 2018 survey were analyzed. The scale consisted of the following 4 factors, [understanding of information on life at home], [discharge coordination and guidance], [utilization of social resources] and [multi-professional collaboration]. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach' s α) of the whole scale was found to be as high as 0.96. Visiting nursing╱home care training was related to the scores for all 4 factors. In addition, age and years of experience were related to the scores for [utilization of social resources] and [multi-professional collaboration]. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the scale can be used to comprehensively assess hospital nurses' nursing activities towards providing home care.