Formation of the Pb(Zr,Ti)Os solid solution in t h e system Pb0-TiOrZr02 was studied by chemical analysis and X-ray powder diffractometry. Only PbTiOs and Pb(Zr,Ti)03 were found as reaction products. The following three elementary reactions seemed to be reasonable for the formation of the Pb(Zr,Ti)03 phase: P b O + TiOz -+ PbTiOa, PbTiOs + PbO + ZrOz + Pb(Zrl-xTii)03, and Pb(Zrl-xTix)O3 + PbTiOo ---f P b ( Z r l -i~T i~~) 0 3 @

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In this study, highly loaded CuO (65.2 wt%) on ZrO2 support was prepared by flame spray pyrolysis, and the effects of their particle sizes and ZrO2 crystallinity on CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were investigated. By varying the precursor feed rate (1–10 mL min−1), the crystallite size (3–7 nm) and the crystallinity of tetragonal ZrO2 were controlled. After H2 reduction at 300°C, the Cu species in the catalysts, prepared at the feed rate = 2–10 mL min−1, were converted to Cu particles (approximately 10–20 nm); however, the size and crystallinity of ZrO2 remained the same. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts prepared at the feed rate = 2–3 mL min−1 were higher than those of the catalysts prepared at the feed rates = 5–10 mL min−1, because the smaller ZrO2 particles in the former provided more surface to stabilize small Cu particles and from interfacial Cu‐ZrO2 sites (active sites).

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