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A soluble multiblock copolyimide without specific functional groups such as OH and COOH was prepared by a direct one-pot polycondensation of two types of dianhydrides and diamines in the presence of ␥-valerolactone/pyridine catalyst using N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)/toluene mixture as a solvent. The polyimide film containing the photosensitive agent diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) compound gave positive-tone behavior by UV irradiation, followed by development in a mixture of ethanolamine/ NMP/H 2 O (1/1/1 by weight). The scanning electron microscopic photograph of the resultant image showed fine patterns with about 20 m film thickness. Its pattern forming was based on the photorearrangement of diazonaphthoquinone, a process in which the ring-opening reaction of imide units of the polyimide with the amine used as a developer and the following degradation of the polymer are induced. Such a new imaging technique combines principles of photolithography and etching of a polyimide to give, what we call, reaction development patterning in which the main chemical reactions directly related to the pattern formation occur during development.

Some palladium complexes containing coordinated triphenylphosphine or arsine have been found to be effective and selective catalysts in the homogeneous hydrogenation of soybean oil methyl ester. The characteristic features of the catalysis are 1) isomerization ofcis double bonds totrans double bonds, 2) migration of isolated double bonds to form conjugated dienes, 3) selective hydrogenation of poly olefines to mono olefines without hydrogenation of mono olefine, 4) ester exchange of methyl ester to butyl ester, 5) effective hydrogenation and isomerization by methanol in the absence of elemental hydrogen. The catalytic activity of a variety of palladium complexes decreases in the following order: (ϕ3P)2PdCl2+SnCl2ƃ2H2O>(ϕ3P)2PdCl2+GeCl2>(ϕ3P)2Pd(CN)2> (ϕ3As)2Pd(CN)2>(ϕ3P)2PdCl2 » (ϕ3As)2PdCl2. However, neither K2PdCl4 with SnCl2ƃ2H2O nor (ϕ3P)2Pd(SCN)2 was effective for hydrogenation. The hydrogenation and isomerization of soybean oil methyl ester have been examined under various conditions using a mixture of (ϕ3P)2PdCl2 and SnCl2ƃ2H2O. Under nitrogen pressure, in benzene and methanol as a solvent, both isomerization and hydrogenation of soybean oil methyl ester proceeded less effectively than under hydrogen pressure.

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