Recently, reports regarding a foreign body in the maxillary sinus have considerably increased, with the majority being iatrogenic cases resulting from dental treatment. This study involves an extensive review of the Japanese literature, including 112 papers from 1978 to 2017. These papers documented total 407 cases of a foreign body in the maxillary sinus. Among the 392 cases for which treatment details were available, the Caldwell-Luc approach was used for 216, the alveolar approach for 116, extraction using nasal endoscopy for 15, and extraction using oral endoscopy for eight. Spontaneous passage occurred in 19 cases, follow-up with medication was used in 17, and "other" was noted in one. This study determined that surgical removal remains the most common method for treating both tooth roots and other foreign bodies and that the Caldwell-Luc approach is used in majority of the surgeries. No marked differences were noted among the removal methods used in relation to the foreign body type.

Abstract. Background Paclitaxel is an anticancer drug that inhibits calcium-induced depolymerization of tubulin and thus blocks the progression of mitosis (1). It is clinically applied for the treatment of ovarian, breast, stomach and non-small cell lung cancer (2, 3). When used clinically, it causes severe side-effects such as leucopenia. thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and fatigue (4) and anorexia and constipation (5). Patients who received platinum treatment with a taxane were more likely to experience grade 2 to 4 neuropathy (6). Paclitaxel has been reported to induce oxidative stress in liver (slight, but no significant decrease in glutathione in liver) (7). Considering many beneficial effects of antioxidants under optimal conditions (usually achieved by adopting lower doses that stimulate growth) (8, 9), prevention of chemotherapeutic drug-induced neurotoxicity by antioxidants has been actively studied in recent years (10,11).In order to search for substances that reduce neurotoxicity induced by paclitaxel, we first investigated whether nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiating rat neuronal cells (used as neuron model) are also very sensitive to paclitaxel, like malignant cells. The possible protective activity of four antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (ALC), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and sodium ascorbate, against neurotoxicity of paclitaxel was then investigated. 745

Abstract. Background

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) play important roles in the development of the submandibular gland. Although regeneration of submandibular glands follows a similar process to their development, it is unknown how FGFs and FGFRs are distributed during regeneration of submandibular gland. The aim of this study was to determine the localization of FGFs and FGFRs during such regenerative processes. After 7 days' obstruction, the submandibular glands were collected at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 11 and 14 after duct release to study regeneration. The regenerative processes of the submandibular gland were investigated by immunohistochemistry for FGF-2, 7, 8, 10 and FGFR-1-4. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that FGF-2 was moderately expressed in the epithelial cells of duct-like structures (DLS) and newly formed acinar cells (NFAC) at days 0-7, and strongly in intercalated duct (ICD) at control gland and Day 7-14. FGF-7 was localized moderately in NFAC and DLS. FGF-8 was localized moderately in the epithelial cells of DLS during regeneration. Strong positive immunoreactions for FGF-10 were found in NFAC and the epithelial cells of DLS during regeneration, as well as the ICD and lateral surfaces of the maturing acinar cells (MAC). FGFR-1 was expressed moderately in the ICD, and weakly in the NFAC and MAC. Positive immunoreactions for FGFR-2 were not observed during regeneration. Additionally, FGFR-4 was detected strongly in the ICD and slightly in NFAC. These findings suggest that FGF-2, -7, -8 and -10 play important roles in NFAC, MAC, and DLS through FGFR-1 and -4 during regeneration of submandibular gland.