No abstract

The number of commercial buildings in Japan is estimated over 10 million and these buildings are considered to emit large amounts of CO2. However, environmental load for commercial buildings has not been fully researched and those researches done in the past have focused on limited subjects or areas in Japan. This research aims to develop a nationwide database on CO2 emission and water usage of commercial buildings which can be used by researchers, policy makers and business people. This paper reports the outline of this database and the specific primary energy consumption, which was developed centrally by 33 universities. The data was collected through questionnaire surveys which was conducted between 2007 and 2009, and a total of 40,085 building data was collected, of which 27,902 were disclosed. The collected data was divided into 23 uses and primary energy consumption intensity for the disclosed database were calculated by areas, gloss floor area and year of completion. The number of commercial buildings in Japan is estimated over 10 million and these buildings are considered to emit large amounts of CO2. However, environmental load for commercial buildings has not been fully researched and those researches done in the past have focused on limited subjects or areas in Japan. This research aims to develop a nationwide database on CO2 emission and water usage of commercial buildings which can be used by researchers, policy makers and business people. KeywordsThis paper reports the outline of this database and the specific primary energy consumption, which was developed centrally by 33 universities. The data was collected through questionnaire surveys which was conducted between 2007 and 2009, and a total of 40,085 building data was collected, of which 27,902 were disclosed. The collected data was divided into 23 uses and primary energy consumption intensity for the disclosed database were calculated by areas, gloss floor area and year of completion.

No abstract

In aims to meet the goal of 25% CO2 emission reduction compared to 1990 by 2020, the government has been developing policies on insulation renovations. In order to achieve the previously stated target, all existing houses are required to conduct insulation renovation. Thus, investigations on insulation efficiencies of existing apartments are necessary to verify the effect of insulation renovation on CO2 emissions. The Energy-Saving Standard, which sets the insulation efficiency of housings, was first presented in 1980, followed by the New Energy-Saving Standard in 1992 and the Next-Generation Energy-Saving Standard in 1999. Therefore, insulation efficiencies of housings are considered to be diverse depending on the age of completion. Research on the actual situation of insulation efficiencies in detached houses exists, but those on existing apartments are insufficient. In this study, we investigate the actual situation of insulation efficiencies of existing apartments and conduct an analysis on energy savings and reduction in utility costs through insulation renovation of existing apartments with different insulation efficiencies.ns o repertory grid

Authors gathered and investigated annual energy consumption of 4,194 retail facilities. The retail facilities were classified by the retail categories into department store, general merchandise store, grocery store, garment store, household merchandise store, home center, drag store, convenience-store, shopping center and specialized store. The average of total floor area and annual primary energy consumption per unit floor area were compared among the retail categories. Except the combination between department store and shopping center, these retail categories showed a significant difference in the total floor area and/or annual energy consumption per total floor area. This result implies that classification by retail category contributes to understand the characteristics of energy consumption. Authors gathered and investigated annual energy consumption of 4,194 retail facilities. The retail facilities were classified by the retail categories into department store, general merchandise store, grocery store, garment store, household merchandise store, home center, drag store, convenience-store, shopping center and specialized store. The average of total floor area and annual primary energy consumption per unit floor area were compared among the retail categories. Except the combination between department store and shopping center, these retail categories showed a significant difference in the total floor area and/or annual energy consumption per total floor area. This result implies that classification by retail category contributes to understand the characteristics of energy consumption. Keywords :