The ion-association constants, K1A, of an ion pair, M2+ClO4− (M=Ca, Sr, Ba), have been determined by conductometric measurements in methanol–ethylene glycol mixtures of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 wt% of ethylene glycol at 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C. The conductometric data were treated by an improved Fuoss and Edelson method. The thermodynamic functions of ΔH1A\ominus and ΔS1A\ominus have also been determined at 25 °C from the temperature dependence of K1A. In 60–80 wt% of ethylene glycol the K1A values of these metal perchlorates are similar to each other, since the characteristics of individual metal ions are probably depressed by the strong solvations of those cations. The results are discussed while considering the cation solvation and structure of a bulk solvent.

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Kumamoto city, with its 730,000 citizens, has provided its high quality groundwater to the entire households of Kumamoto for long periods of time to use as the daily water supply, which is truly rare example in Japan. Kumamoto City is mainly located at the discharge area of local groundwater region where is composed by 11 Municipality around Kumamoto city. It is essential for Kumamoto city to develop the groundwater conservation plan and policy to cooperate with those 11 neighboring municipalities and agencies. Present paper is mainly to introduce the contents of water conservation measures. In addition, the experimental groundwatermanagement governance model is proposed for the groundwater region composed by several municipalities.

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