Background:Worldwide, multiple studies demonstrate a negative attitude of interns toward psychiatry. Scenario in Gujarat state has never been looked upon. The objective of this study is to identify the situation in this region by studying the attitude of interns toward various areas of psychiatry and to study the gender differences if any.Materials and Methods:For study, all 122 interns who attended psychiatry posting for the 1st time in their internship, over a period of 8 months were approached amongst which 100 (56 males and 44 females) consented to be a part. Attitude was measured with 30 items attitude toward psychiatry (ATP 30) questionnaire on the 1st day of their posting. The data thus collected were analyzed by SPSS version 20.Result:The results showed a neutral to the negative attitude in major areas of psychiatry. Most neutral responses were seen regarding contribution of psychiatric hospitals in the treatment, regarding psychiatric patients considered to be interesting and psychiatry enabling people to have rewarding relationships. Negative attitude toward areas on scientific information in psychiatry and psychotherapy's validity were obtained. While attitude was positive in areas of psychiatric knowledge and teaching, but female interns were lagging behind their male counterparts. Psychiatric treatment lessens worries and psychiatric illness should be considered at par with other medical illnesses, were most common positively viewed attitude.Conclusion:Interns overall shared a neutral to negative ATP. Adequate rectification is required in existing medical curriculum, and more exposure to the subject is essential to improve the attitude of interns toward mental health

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a technique used to treat mental illnesses by applying electric current through the brain to induce convulsions. Stigmatized views regarding ECT also present among health care professionals which influences their decision in patient's future treatment. Aim: to assess knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding ECT. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 180 medical students. Non-psychiatric clinician's knowledge about and attitudes towards ECT was used to assess the association among various factors. Results: Negative attitudes like ECT causes pain to the patients (n=116), is cruel (n=40), used for punishment of violent patients(n=45) and misused by psychiatrists (n=47) were more prevalent and also significantly co-related with Unwillingness to receive ECT if indicated. Conclusion:Results of the study suggests that Most of the knowledge was obtained from mass media and rather than demonstration of ECT, hence negative attitudes were more prevalent.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with organic difficulties and also causes changes in psychological status of patients. Depression is the most common and probably the most important psychopathological complication in in hemodialysis patients. Hopelessness was reported as the aggravating factor of depression. Suicide is established as prevalent mental health problems in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Aim: To assess depression, hopelessness and risk of suicide in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 50 hemodialysis patients at tertiary care hospital in India. Scales like Patients health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Beck's hopelessness scale (BHS) and Columbiasuicide severity rating scale(C-SSRS) were used to assess depression, hopelessness and risk of suicide. Result: Out of 50 patients, 38(76%) showed depression, 40(80%) showed hopelessness and 4(8%) showed risk of suicide. There is a significant correlation between sessions of hemodialysis with depression (p value=<0.05 ** ) and hopelessness (p value=<0.05 ** ). There is significant correlation between Depression and hopelessness in hemodialysis patients. (p value=<0.05 ** ). Conclusion:The results from this study suggest that patients who have less sessions of dialysis showed more depression and hopelessness than the patients having more sessions of dialysis. This is may be due to adaptation with hemodialysis procedure in patient's lifestyle as the number of sessions increases. And in this study depression is strongly associated with hopelessness and well explained by hopelessness

To help readers determine whether an author's relationships and activities might inappropriately influence a paper's content, health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) journals implement conflict of interest (COI) disclosure policies. This study examines the characteristics of COI disclosure policies in HEOR journals and its association with HEOR SCImago Journal Rank score (SJR), a proxy of journal prestige. Methods: We reviewed disclosure policies from 23 HEOR journals with a 2018 SJR score greater than one. After reviewing International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines, journal policies, and author disclosure forms, we identified six main author reporting characteristics (yes/no): disclosure of nonfinancial associations, personal associations, nonprofit associations, financial support for all the author's work (not restricted to the submitted work), financial ties for 36 months prior to the publication or earlier, and required disclosure of all author financial relationships (not restricted to those the author deems relevant). Descriptive statistics summarized the variation across journals of each reporting characteristic. A multiple linear regression tested the association between SJR and reporting characteristics. Results: Of 23 journals, 12 (52%) claimed to use ICMJE COI guidelines, though 2 of these had author instructions contradicting ICMJE COI guidelines. HEOR journals, on average, requested that authors satisfy four of the six evaluated reporting characteristics (range: 0 to 6). The most common requested characteristic was disclosure of both financial and nonfinancial associations (20/23) and the least common was the disclosure of all financial relationships versus selective reporting dependent on author's judgement (4/23). The regression analysis did not provide evidence of an association between SJR and the six evaluated characteristics (p-value = 0.99). Conclusions: There is considerable variability in COI disclosure policies among HEOR journals, with many asking authors to judge whether to disclose some relationships. HEOR journals should standardize COI disclosure policies and minimize author judgement to achieve COI disclosure goals.

supporting data assets and governance. While regulatory and HTA agencies aligned on common themes, clarity on how manufacturers should operationalize the themes was missing. There was a lack of concrete recommendations for how to generate RWE, beyond protocol design considerations and frameworks on how RWE will inform decision-making was likewise missing. Conclusions: Regulatory and HTA bodies are actively working to formulate positions on RWE generation and use and there is a need for transparent recommendation to better inform manufacturers.