Thus far, spherical Si crystals with $1 mm for solar cells have been grown by ejecting the melt above the melting point in a drop tube. The large undercooling prior to nucleation, however, results in severe polycrystallinity, which retrogrades the energy conversion efficiency. In the present study, we applied the semisolid process to the crystallization of Si droplets, where the melt was ejected with small solid particles formed by iterative cooling and heating of the melt with magnetic stirring at the melting point. The small solid particles that act as a nucleus efficiently suppressed the melt to be undercooled, resulting in an increase in the percentage of the spheres with few grains from 9.6 to 30%.

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Absolute intensities Deltai(q) of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) were measured in a wide range of scattering vector q from 2x10(-4) to 0.5 A(-1) for transparent (VI-P) and translucent (VI-L) cellulose hydrogels prepared by coagulation and regeneration of viscose in acid solutions with and without acetone, respectively. We obtained the scattering intensities at very small q conveniently by desmearing the combined data measured by SAXS and USAXS. The plot of Deltai(q)q(2) versus log(10) q showed a peak at -2.5

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