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The electrical conductivity of chemically synthesized and annealed polyaniline has been investigated. The room-temperature conductivity varies with the time and the temperature of annealing, and exhibits a maximum peak on its time-dependence curves for the polymer annealed above 120 °C. The time showing the maximum peak of the conductivity shifts to the shorter side with higher annealing temperature. The linear dependence of the conductivity on temperature with T−1/2 is observed in all samples as explained for this polymer with the quasi-one-dimensional variable-range-hopping processes. In the initial stage of annealing, the conductivity increases in the whole temperature range without varying the exponential factor of the variable range hopping. This indicates that the density of states remains unchanged in this stage. The results concerning the pre-exponential factor of the quasi-one-dimensional variable-range-hopping mechanism demonstrate the increase of the mean free time, the transverse localization length, and the interchain transfer integral with annealing. X-ray-diffraction patterns exhibit the generation of regularized amorphous structure in annealed samples, which leads to the enlargement of the interchain interaction. The results show the increase of regularity of the polymer chain at first, and the phase transition to the loose-packed and ordered structure in next stage of annealing.

Statistical studies on anorexia nervosa in Japan were carried out by our research group. Questionnaires were sent to physicians at 1,030 representative institutions throughout Japan and data were collected from 315 institutions. The total number of patients with anorexia nervosa in 1981 was 940 outpatients and 372 inpatients. The number of patients in 1981 was twice as high as in 1976. Detailed data on 1,011 patients were investigated. As most of the patients had certain endocrinological abnormalities which improved after weight gain, indications are that at least a part of the endocrinological abnormalities might be secondary changes due to weight loss.

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We fabricated a lithium ion battery with a non-flammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) electrolyte, which has sufficient cycle properties (capacity retention was 97% at 50 cycles) and safety improvement due to the optimization of lithium salt concentration and a graphite anode with pre-formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). By dissolving highly concentrated LiPF 6 , i.e., above 2 M, into the TMP mixed electrolyte, lithium ion easily intercalated into the graphite anode. This was because the solvation number of TMP molecule to the lithium ion decreased. When a SEI film was formed using ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate solvents in advance without TMP, the decomposition of the non-carbonate solvent, such as TMP, was suppressed. Eventually, we found that a safe and high-performance lithium ion battery could be fabricated only with a combination of controlling the solvation number in the electrolyte and SEI pre-forming technology on the graphite anode