A conjugate of fluorescein isothiocyanate and bovine serum albumin bound with R 1881-3-carboxymethyloxime was used to visualize the location of androphilic proteins in tissues from patients with prostatic cancer. The fluorescence was located in the carcinoma cells but not in the stroma. Although intensity of the staining was varied in fluorescence-positive cases, almost all carcinoma cells were stained. On the contrary, positively stained cells were scarcely observed in fluorescence-negative cancer. Among 46 cases of untreated prostatic cancer examined, 76% were fluorescence-positive. 7 cases out of 9 who had relapsed from endocrine therapy showed negative fluorescence. It was concluded that the fluorescence in the tissue sections of the untreated prostatic cancer were well correlated with the histologic grade, and that fluorescence-positive cases had responded well to the endocrine therapy, as judged 6 months after the start of treatment.

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Dihydrotestosterone‐binding protein in cytosols from human prostates was different from the R1881‐and R5020‐binding proteins. The R1881‐and R5020‐binding proteins in the cytosol were very similar and most of the binding sites for R1881 were capable of binding R5020. However, nuclear extracts showed equal binding to dihydrotestosterone and R1881, but not to R5020, suggesting that there might not be a progestin receptor in the human prostate. Maximum binding sites to dihydrotestosterone, R1881, and R5020 in cytosols were very similar among “normal” and pathological prostates except that dihy‐drotestosterone binding was higher in “normal” prostates than in the pathological ones. Histochemically, R1881‐binding was observed in the epithelial cells and in malignant cells, but not in the stroma.

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