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Instrumental limitations such as bulkiness and high cost prevent the fluorescence technique from becoming ubiquitous for point-of-care deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection and other in-field molecular diagnostics applications. The complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, as benefited from process scaling, provides several advanced capabilities such as high integration density, high-resolution signal processing, and low power consumption, enabling sensitive, integrated, and low-cost fluorescence analytical platforms. In this paper, CMOS time-resolved, contact, and multispectral imaging are reviewed. Recently reported CMOS fluorescence analysis microsystem prototypes are surveyed to highlight the present state of the art.

Complex maxillofacial malformations continue to present challenges in analysis and correction beyond modern technology. The purpose of this paper is to present a virtual-reality workbench for surgeons to perform virtual orthognathic surgical planning and soft-tissue prediction in three dimensions. A resulting surgical planning system, i.e., three-dimensional virtual-reality surgical-planning and soft-tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery, consists of four major stages: computed tomography (CT) data post-processing and reconstruction, three-dimensional (3-D) color facial soft-tissue model generation, virtual surgical planning and simulation, soft-tissue-change preoperative prediction. The surgical planning and simulation are based on a 3-D CT reconstructed bone model, whereas the soft-tissue prediction is based on color texture-mapped and individualized facial soft-tissue model. Our approach is able to provide a quantitative osteotomy-simulated bone model and prediction of postoperative appearance with photorealistic quality. The prediction appearance can be visualized from any arbitrary viewing point using a low-cost personal-computer-based system. This cost-effective solution can be easily adopted in any hospital for daily use.

This paper proposes a novel methodology which allows calligraphic writings to be synthesized realistically'. Our approach models the physical process of brush stroke creation and consists of three separate aspects, namely, the physical geometry of the writing brush, the @namic movement, e.g. the position and orientation, of the brush along the stroke trajectory, and the amount of ink absorbed in the brush bundle as well as the ink depositing process. By controlling these physical parameters associated with the writing process, very realistic appearance of calligraphic writings can be generated. In particular, the aesthetic features commonly associated with calligraphy, such as the varying widths of a stroke, the impression of physical rubbing between the brush and the underlying paper, the varying shades of grey caused by diferent degrees of ink content in the brush, and the black and white trails created by fast movement of a drying brush can be simulated. This is theJirst time when a physic-based model of a brush is used to synthesize calligraphic writings and the model has been implemented on a PC-basedplatform.