Genetic diversity and interrelationships among 31 lentil genotypes were evaluated using 10 Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and 10 directed amplification of minisatellite DNA region (DAMD) primers. A total of 43 and 48 polymorphic bands were amplified by ISSR and DAMD markers, respectively. Average polymorphism information content (PIC) for ISSR and DAMD markers were 0.37 and 0.41, respectively. All 31 lentil genotypes could be distinguished by ISSR markers into three groups and by DAMD markers into two groups. Various molecular markers show a different efficiency for evaluating DNA polymorphism in lentil and indicate that the patterns of variation are clearly influenced by the genetic marker used. Comparatively, the genetic diversity of examined lentil genotypes by two different marker techniques (ISSR and DAMD) was high and indicated that ISSR and DAMD are effective and promising marker systems for fingerprinting in lentil and give useful information on its genetic relationships.

Genetic diversity and relationships among 38 Iranian durum wheat accessions were analysed using conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. A total of 10 CDDP and 10 SCoT primers were used to estimate genetic polymorphism among 38 durum wheat accessions. Comparatively, both CDDP and SCoT markers proved to be more effective and in terms of percentage of polymorphisms and polymorphic information content value were relatively similar. The average polymorphic information content value of CDDP was 0.39 which was relatively higher than those of SCoT where the respective values of polymorphic information content was 0.35. Using the neighbor joining clustering method, CDDP and SCoT markers were used to generate dendrograms, which revealed that the durum accessions were clustered into three and two major groups, respectively. According to the present results, CDDP markers proved more informative in studying genetic diversity among durum accessions. In both marker types, low correlation between genetic distances and geographical origin in examined durum landrace accessions was found. However, accessions from the same geographical regions mostly showed more genetic similarity than those with origins far apart. The results demostrated that CDDP and SCoT markers are useful for genetic diversity analysis of durum accessions. This information is useful for future germplasm collection and efficient utilization of landrace durum germplasm in plant breeding.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important legume crop as a stable protein source in human feed. Breeding efforts in chickpea need to find the genotypes with diverse genome background for crossing to produce progenies that are used in the evaluation of favorable traits. In this study, we employed DArTseq-generated SilicoDArT markers for assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in a panel of 90 chickpea advanced breeding lines. Totally, 9824 SilicoDArT markers generated through DArTseq genotyping and, after filtering, 2053 markers with an average of 265.5 markers per chromosome were used for genetic diversity analysis. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value of SilicoDArT markers ranged from 0.05 to 0.50, with an average of 0.25. Extensive and low level of LD decay in long distances with average r 2 = 0.15 was observed. Chickpea genotypes showed high genetic diversity with average kinship value and genetic distance of − 0.54 and 0.36, respectively. Results of cluster analysis, population structure and discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) were consistent together in grouping chickpea genotypes into four distinct clusters. These findings demonstrated the efficiency of SilicoDArT markers for large-scale diversity analysis in chickpea, and results can be used for future genomic studies in chickpea such as genome-wide association study and genomic selection for important traits such as seed yield and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.