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Citation metrics and h indices differ using different bibliometric databases. We compiled the number of publications, number of citations, h index and year since the first publication from 340 soil researchers from all over the world. On average, Google Scholar has the highest h index, number of publications and citations per researcher, and the Web of Science the lowest. The number of papers in Google Scholar is on average 2.3 times higher and the number of citations is 1.9 times higher compared to the data in the Web of Science. Scopus metrics are slightly higher than that of the Web of Science. The h index in Google Scholar is on average 1.4 times larger than Web of Science, and the h index in Scopus is on average 1.1 times larger than Web of Science. Over time, the metrics increase in all three databases but fastest in Google Scholar. The h index of an individual soil scientist is about 0.7 times the number of years since his/her first publication. There is a large difference between the number of citations, number of publications and the h index using the three databases. From this analysis it can be concluded that the choice of the database affects widely-used citation and evaluation metrics but that bibliometric transfer functions exist to relate the metrics from these three databases. We also investigated the relationship between journal’s impact factor and Google Scholar’s h5-index. The h5-index is a better measure of a journal’s citation than the 2 or 5 year window impact factor.

This study suggests that IC bolus injection of nicorandil is a simple, safe, and effective way to induce steady-state hyperaemia for invasive physiological evaluations. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01331902.

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Effortful swallowing (EFS) is a common compensatory swallowing manoeuver for dysphagia patients. We investigated the influence of EFS on temporal and spatial characteristics of the movements of the hyoid bone, larynx and epiglottis in healthy subjects. A total of 41 volunteers swallowed 10 mL of diluted barium solution using two swallowing strategies: usual and effortful swallowing (USS and EFS). The motions of the hyoid bone, larynx and epiglottis were tracked using frame-by-frame kinematic motion analysis of videofluoroscopic images. Maximal velocities and maximal displacements of hyoid and larynx, the maximal angle of the epiglottic tilt, and the durations of hyoid excursion, laryngeal elevation and epiglottic tilt were measured. Compared to USS, EFS was associated with significantly greater vertical displacement of the hyoid (P < 0.001), vertical and horizontal displacement of the larynx (P = 0.003, P = 0.019), and maximal angle of the epiglottic tilt (P = 0.001). In addition, the durations of the vertical and horizontal excursions of the hyoid, vertical excursion of the larynx and the epiglottic tilt were greater in EFS, compared with USS. Effortful swallowing was also associated with significantly greater maximum velocities of the hyoid and larynx during swallowing. In conclusion, the EFS manoeuver facilitates vertical speed and distance of hyolaryngeal excursion and epiglottic tilt and extends the duration of excursion and the epiglottic tilt, especially after reaching maximal excursion in healthy subjects. These results confirm the temporal and kinematic benefits of airway protection induced by the EFS manoeuver.