Intravitreal bevacizumab injection is safe in terms of blood pressure and IOP in both hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients after 6 months of follow-up.

The severity of BD has decreased over the past two decades, allowing BD patients with ocular involvement to have better visual prognoses.

Increased OPA was related to more centrally located VF defects in NTG patients with mild VF defects.

Persistent infection with rubella virus (RV) can alter secondary functions of host cells. Previously we had documented defective phagocytosis of latex beads by cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), persistently infected with M-33 RV (RPE/RV). Here, examining possible mechanisms for altered function, we reported significant differences between the total esterified fatty acids (FA) of RPE and RPE/RV membranes, measured by gas liquid chromatography. RPE/RV contained an increased proportion of saturated FA, particularly palmitic acid, with a presence of unusual chromatographic FA peaks co-eluting with odd-numbered long-chain carbon atom FA not normally found in human cells. Apical membrane microvilli, structures essential to phagocytic activity of RPE and RPE/RV, observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, were similar in number and appearance between uninfected RPE and RPE/RV cells before and after latex bead addition. However, RPE/RV microvilli, possibly reflecting altered membrane FA composition, engaged latex beads less effectively than uninfected RPE microvilli. In addition, microvilli remained abnormally distributed on RPE/RV cell surfaces at 48 h after latex addition. Thus, RV persistent infection may affect the cellular membrane fluidity and functional activity of human cells with increased saturated FA proportions and altered FA components of membrane phospholipids. These changes may participate in the defective phagocytosis of RPE/RV.

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary disturbances of the skin, hair, and iris, and other developmental defects such as lateral displacement of both medial canthi and lacrimal puncta called dystopia canthorum. While mutations of the PAX3 (paired box) gene have been identified in about 99% of WS type 1 cases, WS type 2 is a heterogeneous group, with about 15% of cases caused by mutations in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). We have experienced three cases of typical WS type 2 in a Korean family, for whom full ocular examination and genetic studies were performed. The genetic studies revealed no mutation in either PAX3 or MITF genes. The genetic basis, as yet unknown for most cases of WS type 2, might be found with further investigation.