A marine Antarctic psychrotolerant bacterium (strain ANT/505), isolated from sea ice-covered surface water from the Southern Ocean, showed pectinolytic activity on citrus pectin agar. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA of isolate ANT/505 indicates a taxonomic affiliation to Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis . The supernatant of this strain showed three different pectinolytic activities after growth on citrus pectin. By activity screening of a genomic DNA library of isolate ANT/505 in Escherichia coli , two different pectinolytic clones could be isolated. Subcloning and sequencing revealed two open reading frames (ORF) of 1,671 and 1,968 nt, corresponding to proteins of 68 and 75 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of the two ORFs showed homology to pectate lyases from Erwinia chrysanthemi and Aspergillus nidulans . The pectate lyases contain signal peptides of 17 and 26 amino acids that were correctly processed after overexpression in E. coli BL21. Both enzymes were purified by anionic exchange chromatography. Maximal enzymatic activities for both pectate lyases were observed at 30 ° C and a pH range of 9 to 10. The K m values of both lyases for pectate and citrus pectin were 1 g l -1 and 5 g l -1, respectively. Calcium was required for activity on pectic substrates, whereas the addition of 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) resulted in complete inhibition of the enzymes. These two enzymes represent the first pectate lyases isolated and characterized from a cold-adapted marine bacterium.

From 15 pepper soil samples in Daklak, based on chitinase, protease, amylase, and cellulase activities, strain NV01 was chosen for further research. Selected strains NV01 were studied for morphology, colonial color, nutritive influences to spore formation; It has been shown that the PDA environment is suitable for the growth of strain NV01. After 14 days of inoculation, this fungus sporulated 106 conidia x cm-1. The strain is capable of producing some extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, chitinase, and protease. The sequence-based results ITS1F and ITS4 showed that the strains were highly similar (100%) to Paecilomyces variotii KF305752 and were assigned as Paecilomyces variotii NV01. In Vietnam, there is very little research into the this fungus, and databases of biological characteristics are still limited.