This paper was presented at the Eurographics 2017 conferenceInternational audienceOne challenge in portraying large-scale natural scenes in virtual environments is specifying the attributes of plants, such as species, size and placement, in a way that respects the features of natural ecosystems, while remaining computationally tractable and allowing user design. To address this, we combine ecosystem simulation with a distribution analysis of the resulting plant attributes to create biome-specific databases, indexed by terrain conditions, such as temperature, rainfall, sunlight and slope. For a specific terrain, interpolated entries are drawn from this database and used to interactively synthesize a full ecosystem, while retaining the fidelity of the original simulations. A painting interface supplies users with semantic brushes for locally adjusting ecosystem age, plant density and variability, as well as optionally picking from a palette of precomputed distributions. Since these brushes are keyed to the underlying terrain properties a balance between user control and real-world consistency is maintained. Our system can be be used to interactively design ecosystems up to 5 × 5 km 2 in extent, or to automatically generate even larger ecosystems in a fraction of the time of a full simulation, while demonstrating known properties from plant ecology such as succession, self-thinning, and underbrush, across a variety of biomes
Payments for forest environmental services (PFES) is a major breakthrough policy in the Vietnamese forestry sector because it contributes 25% of the total investments in the forestry sector and serves as the first market-based instrument employed to protect forests. However, there is little empirical evidence of its effectiveness. Is the policy meeting the core objectives of improving forest cover and forest quality and is it also achieving its claims of supporting local livelihoods? This paper analyses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of PFES in Son La province, the longest standing implementation of a PFES scheme in Vietnam. Our study uses a sampling method that incorporates pre-matching and a before-after-control-intervention approach. Data was collected from government statistics, remote sensing analysis, focus group discussions involving 236 people, surveys with a total of 240 households, and key informant interviews with 45 people. Our findings show that additionality of PFES in Son La is controversial and depends on who collects the data and what data is used to evaluate the impacts of PFES. Data collection is also politicized to serve central, provincial and district government interests. Evidence shows that PFES has provided little additional income to individual villagers to protect forests in Son La. However, total PFES revenue paid to communities generates significant income for village communities. Moreover, not all villagers can receive continuous payments from PFES, meaning that PFES has not become a stable source of income, rendering the permanence of PFES limited. Improving monitoring and evaluation policies coupled with transparent, inclusive, independent mechanisms are essential to providing a more accurate reflection of impacts from PFES in Vietnam.
Trong bài báo này, tác giả trình bày về công nghệ RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Radio) chủ động ở dải tần số LF 125kHz và ứng dụng trong việc nhận dạng, xác thực ở khoảng cách hẹp từ 1-3m. Nội dung phần 1 giới thiệu căn bản về công nghệ RFID, sự giống và khác nhau về mặt kỹ thuật của RFID thụ động và chủ động, ưu nhược điểm của mỗi loại. Trong phần 2, bài toán nhận dạng và xác thực trong khoảng cách hẹp được đặt ra, cụ thể là ứng dụng nhận dạng chủ phương tiện khi ở gần xe, các giải pháp dùng RFID hiện tại đang có. Phần 3, tác giả xây dựng mô hình RFID chủ động để giải quyết bài toán trên. Tác giả cũng đề xuất kỹ thuật sử dụng OTP và mã hóa dữ liệu để chống giả mạo xác thực. Chi tiết phần cứng, mô hình thuật toán mã hóa OTP và dữ liệu được miêu tả trong phần 4. Phần 5 là kết quả thực nghiệm bao gồm dữ liệu khoảng cách nhận dạng thực tế 2,2m với RFID chủ động, ước tính thời gian sử dụng khoảng 3,5 năm nếu dùng pin coin CR2023 đối với hệ thống RFID chủ động dùng chíp nhận dạng AS3933. Kỹ thuật chống xác thực giả mạo mà bài báo đề xuất có thể áp dụng trên các thiết bị UWB (Ultra Wideband) mà đang trở thành xu thế trong ứng dụng nhận dạng thông minh hiện nay.
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