Background: Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species produced during normal cell metabolism and/or deficiency of scavenger antioxidant defense, has been implicated in the pathology of several human diseases, including endocrine diseases of thyroid gland. Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Subjects and methods: Forty eight newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients, 24 patients of them have subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) while the other 24 patients have overt hypothyroidism (OHT), as well as 24 healthy euthyroid control subjects were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Laboratory investigations including lipid profile, thyroid functions as well as levels of serum MDA, SOD, catalase and TAC were estimated. Results: Both OHT and SHT patients had significantly higher serum TSH, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), LDL-C, catalase, SOD and MDA levels as well as significantly lower serum HDL-C and TAC levels when compared to euthyroid control subjects. The correlation study revealed that serum TSH levels were significantly positively correlated with TC, LDL-C and TGs serum levels and significantly negatively correlated with HDL-C levels. Moreover, serumMDA, CAT and SOD levels showed significantly positive correlation with TSH, TC, LDL-C and TGs serum levels and a significant negative correlation with free T4, free T3 and HDL-C serum levels.Furthermore, TAC levels showed a significant positive correlation with free T4, free T3 and HDL-C serum levels and a negative correlation with TSH, TC, TGs and LDL-C serum levels. Conclusions:The present study demonstrated that patients with both OHT and SHT showed increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress which was evidenced by the increased levels of MDA, a lipid peroxidation product, and the induction of SOD and CAT antioxidantenzymatic activities. Increased MDA and other free radical production could overload the antioxidant system resulting in consumption and severe depletion of antioxidants with concomitant reduction in total antioxidant capacity.Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.

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Background:End-stage renal disease has become a public health concern worldwide. Type 2 diabetes is associated with significantly accelerated rates of diabetic nephropathy. There are controversies about the role of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in the pathogenesis of osteodystrophy among diabetic patients on regular hemodialysis. We aimed to estimate serum levels of iPTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and to clarify the possible relationships between iPTH and HbA1c ;which reflect the glycemic control as well as other clinical and biochemical parameters in end-stage renal disease patients on regular hemodialysis. Subjects and methods: A case-control study of 84end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis thrice weekly.Patients were stratified into three groups;group1:28 diabetic patients with good glycemic control(HbA1c < 7), group 2:28 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control(HbA1c >7), and group3:28non diabetic patients, In all studied participants,blood urea, serum creatinine , calcium, phosphorus, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG),post prandial blood glucose (PPBG) and25-hydroxyvitamin Dwere measured.Also, we estimate serum iPTHlevels by ADVIA CENTAUR instrument using Chemiluminescence principle. Results:Non diabetic patienton chronic hemodialysis had significantly higher values of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D,serum iPTHmore than diabetic group, moreover diabetic patients with poor glycemic control had significantly lower values of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum iPTH, compared to good glycemic control.In diabetic patients with poor glycemic control,iPTHlevel was negatively correlated with Alkaline phosphatase,post prandial blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, as well as HbA1c. In patients with good glycemic control serum iPTHlevel was positively correlated with25-hydroxyvitamin D., there were significant negative correlations betweeniPTH level and creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorous, albumin, post prandial blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, as well as HbA1c.Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that, serum iPTH levels were independently correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D with diastolic blood pressure,