No abstract

Objective To retrospectively review the characteristics of preschool children with speech and language disorders to determine their clinical features and compares the average degrees of language delay based on hospital visit purposes, language developmental delay causes, and maternal language. Methods One thousand one hundred two children (832 males, 270 females) with the chief complaint of language or speech problems who underwent language assessment for the first time were included. Their medical records, including demographic data, language environments, and family history of language problems and other developmental problems, were collected. Furthermore, the results of language and developmental assessments and hearing tests were collected. Results Among the children enrolled in this study, 24% had parental problems and 9% were nurtured by their grandparents. The average degree of language delay did not differ regarding purposes of hospital visits. The average degree of language delay was greatest in children with autism spectrum disorders and least in children with mixed receptive-expressive language disorders. In children with mothers who do not speak Korean as their native language, social quotients in the social maturity scale were less than 70. Conclusion Language environment is an essential factor that may cause speech and language disorders. Moreover, maternal language seems to affect the social quotient of the social maturity scale.

We report a case involving a 71-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with severe back pain, symmetrical distal lower limb pain and sensory abnormalities in her distal lower limbs for 2 months. Electrodiagnosis was performed and then diagnosed as multiple lumbosacral radiculopathies and peripheral polyneuropathy. After about 2 weeks, motor weakness and sensory loss in the lower extremities worsened. Mononeuritis multiplex was diagnosed on a follow up electrodiagnosis. Thereafter, the patient was transferred to rheumatology department for treatment. Steroid pulse therapy was attempted, however, due to complication after the first session, the treatment was not completed. After 10 months, there has been no change in the patient symptoms of distal limb weakness and sensory loss. This is a case of mononeuritis multiplex that was misdiagnosed multiple lumbosacral radiculopathies in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

After publication of the article, we found that the sixth and seventh author's affiliation had been inadvertently omitted. The authors and their respective affiliations should be listed as:

Hypocalcemia is a rather uncommon condition that may be encountered in the outpatient setting. It may be associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs. It is unclear that the primary cause of symptom is hypocalcemia, as these symptoms are usually discrete and ambiguous. Signs of muscle cramp and tetany are considered the expressions of overexcitability of peripheral nerves or central nervous system in case of hypocalcemia in the nerve. In this case, we present a 59-year-old female who presented with persistent muscle cramp and pain of both upper and lower extremities and underwent an investigation that revealed electromyographic changes due to hypocalcemia during an electromyographic study.