models of generalized … [9] Early maladaptive schemas and social ... [10] Effectiveness of emotional schema therapy ... [11] Social networks and support in long … [12] White matter integrity differences associated ... [13] Current concepts in pharmacotherapy for post … [14] The development of anxiety: the role of control ... [15] Comorbidity in anxiety and depressive disorders ... [16] Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood … [17] The mediating role of the metacognitions ... [18] By means of this scheme, the state of ... [19] Psychometric properties of the Persian … [20] Emotion regulation in psychotherapy ... [21] Investigation of factor structure and psychometric ... [22] Validity and reliability of Mississippi post-traumatic ... [23] Emotional schemas, psychological flexibility … [24] Depressive rumination: nature, theory ... [25] The role of rumination in depressive disorders ... [26] Moderating role of social support on the ... [27] Antecedent and responsefocused emotion ... [28] Emotional schemas (ESs), depression and anxiety ... [29] Evidence of broad deficits in emotion regulation ... [30] A cognitive model to explain gender differences ... [31] An experimental investigation of the role ... [32] A preliminary investigation of the role of strategic ... Aims War veterans suffering post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have difficulty with emotional regulation strategies. The model of emotional schemas as a transdiagnostic construct recently played a major role in researches related to mental illnesses. The aim of this study was to compare the emotional schemes in war veterans suffering post-traumatic stress disorder with depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and without signs of depression and anxiety.Instruments & Methods In this descriptive study 105 war veterans suffering post-traumatic stress disorder who referred to counseling centers of Martyr and Sacrifices Affairs Foundation of Shiraz and Bavanat cities, were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into three groups of 35 people of war veterans suffering PTSD with depression symptoms, war veterans suffering PTSD with anxiety symptoms, and war veterans suffering PTSD without symptoms of anxiety and depression. Tools of the study were Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Iranian version of Leahy's Emotional Schema Questionnaire, and military version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using univariate analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test. Findings There was significant difference among the three groups of veterans in all aspects of emotional schemas except subjective rumination, consensus and higher values (p<0.05). Conclusion Emotional schemas are different in war veterans suffering post-traumatic stress disorder with depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and without signs of depression and anxiety, so in treatment of these patients the role and the replacement of compatible emotional schemes in recovery of the disease should be considered.

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Aggressiveness and defiant behaviors are one of the most common reasons for the referral of children and adolescents to psychiatric assessments [1]. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is defined as a pattern comprising irritated and provocative manner, oppositional behavior, or retaliation in a child that lasts for at least six months. The main feature of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is high level of emotional reactivity and frustration intolerance.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), the prevalence rate for this disorder is reported to be between 1% to 11% and is estimated to be at an average of 3•3% [2]. In the absence of treatment, in more than a third of patients, conduct disorder will occur, especially in those with an early disorder and about 10% of the patients will eventually suffer from antisocial personality disorder [3,4].Children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and early forms of anti-social behaviors) [5] face serious problems due to incompatibilities in family relationships. Typically, in relation to their children, the families of these people are caught in negative cycles and this leads to an increase in the problems of children and their families and threatens the mental health of the whole family [3]. Findings by Evans, Sibley, Serpell [6] showed that the delinquent and oppositional behaviour of the young adolescent to parents is one of the most effective factors in caregiver strain over time. Seipp and Johnston's research [7] also suggests that children with oppositional defiant behaviors are one of the most important predictors of stress in parents. Other studies also confirm this point [8][9][10]. Some studies have pointed to the impact of the history of psychiatric disorders in parents on the prevalence of behavioral problems in children [11,12]. Children of mothers with symptoms of depression show a higher prevalence of behavioral problems than those who have non-depressed mothers [13,14]. Children of parents with bipolar disorder are also exposed to multiple psychological

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the personality characteristics of single-child, two-child and multiple-child students in Sari. Methodology: This study was a descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students of first, second and third grade high schools of public and private schools in Sari in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample of the study population was 370 people using random sampling method based on Morgan table. In order to predict the decrease of subjects, the tests were performed on 500 people, but finally 324 questionnaires were completed. Demographic and personality questionnaires were completed by the 5-item Neo. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance at the significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness of students belonging to single-parent, two-parent and multichild families (p <0.05). Also, no significant gender differences were found among the five personality traits of male and female students of single, two and multiple children (p <0.05). Conclusion:Student personality traits of single-child, two-child and multiplechild families. Happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future are higher in single-parent families than single-parent families. In the present study, the agreement and extraversion of single children were higher than two children and multi children. Extraversion also includes traits such as positive thinking, happiness, life satisfaction and hope for the future. To illustrate this incongruity, it can be stated that single children in their families do not have conflicts with their peers and always remain in the strong position of the first child who has no successor and who has not been affected by the birth of the next child. Cause higher extravasation of this stratum.