Depression has an important role in people's lives. Many studies have investigated the prevalence of depressive disorders in Iran during past decades. →What this article adds: This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed the considerable prevalence of major depression disorder among Iranians.

Background Gaming disorder was added to the 11th version of the international classification of disease by the world health organization in early 2019. Adolescents are the most vulnerable group in this area. Thus, a screening tool for this age range is essential. This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the gaming disorder scale for adolescents (GADIS-A) in an Iranian male sample. Methods 260 male students-7th to 12th grade-from Isfahan city in the academic year 2020–2021 were selected using convenience sampling. The participants responded to the Farsi version of the GADIS-A and problematic online game questionnaire (POGQ). Thirty participants answered the scale again to assess the validity of the retest. Pearson’s correlation analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 24 and R software packages psych and lavaan. Results Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the two-factor model, which included cognitive-behavioral symptoms and negative consequences, had good fitness indices. The GADIS-A convergent validity is confirmed by the scale’s significant correlation with the POGQ. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the scale’s validity, which was 0.85 for the full scale and 0.70 and 0.75 for two factors. The validity of the retest after two weeks also showed a correlation of 0.88. Conclusion The Farsi version of the gaming disorder scale for adolescents has a two-factor structure and is valid for use in Iran.

The literature has shown that sexual health literacy has limited applicability in many developing countries. The present study, therefore, aimed to develop and examine the validity and reliability of the Sexual Health Literacy Scale (SHLS) among a sample of 595 Iranian university students. The first analysis yielded themes obtained from a qualitative content analysis of the 118-item SHLS scale. Concepts were extracted using the method of latent content analysis (Bengtsson, NursingPlus Open 2:8–16, 2016). 327 initial codes were extracted and main categories (Elo and Kyngäs, J Adv Nurs. 62 (1): 107–115, 2007) or themes (Graneheim and Lundman, Nurse Education Today 24: 105–112, 2004) obtained consisting of the information source, individual barriers, understanding and application, capacity and motivation, damage, skills, sexual rights, and socio-cultural barriers. In the second analysis, the 595 students were randomly split into two groups. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the themes derived and quantified in Phase 1. 6 Factors were obtained and found to be consistent in both groups. Criterion-related validity of sexual health literacy was determined by stepwise multiple regression to predict marital satisfaction. The reliability of SHLS was also investigated. The third analysis examined the fit of the 6 factors obtained from the 595 students in the original sample to a new sample of 221 university students using cross-validation via confirmatory factor analysis. We developed and validated a six-factor structure of the Sexual Health Literacy Scale 106 (SHLS-106): factor 1, Sexual Skills; factor 2, Individual Socio-cultural Barriers; factor 3, Sexual Vulnerability; factor 4, Resources to Access Sexual Information; factor 5, Understanding and Application; factor 6, Capacity and Motivation. SHLS-106 shows good test–retest reliability and criterion, incremental and convergent validities. This is the first study to examine the validity and reliability of the Sexual Health Literacy Scale in an Iranian sample. Considering the acceptable validity and reliability of this instrument, the psychometric properties of SHLS-106 need to be further investigated in diverse, more extended samples to clarify the extent of application of this scale in different settings. SHLS-106 can effectively examine sexual health literacy, a dynamic scale in nature influenced by the individual, healthcare system, contextual, and social factors in different cultures.

Background: A high incidence of obsessive behaviors has been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study was carried out to estimate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness of psychological distress and tolerance of ambiguity in patients with COVID-19 obsession . Materials and Methods: The present pretest-posttest study with a control group design was conducted on patients with COVID-19 obsession in 2021. The required information was collected using the COVID-19 obsession scale, a short form of psychological distress, and a tolerance of ambiguity questionnaire. The experimental group obtained ten 90-minute classes of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness. The adjusted post-test scores were compared using an analysis of covariance. Results: The mean age of participants in the experimental and control group was 31.84 (standard deviation (SD)=4.68) and 34.09 (SD=7.05) years, respectively. Cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness significantly reduced anxiety (F=41.99, P=0.001, η2=0.63), depression (F=27.19, P=0.001, η2=0.53), stress (F=26.92, P=0.001, η2=0.52), and increases tolerance of ambiguity (F=31.63, P=0.001, η2=0.57), in patients with COVID-19 obsession disorder. Conclusion: The findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness appreciably improves the mental health of sufferers with COVID-19 obsession. Considering the long-term effects of COVID-19, psychology and counseling facilities should take measures to become aware of and treat vulnerable groups.

Purpose This study explores the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure–Revised (CYRM‐R) in adolescent population. Method A sample of 323 Iranian adolescents (12–18 years old) completed the CYRM‐R, Resilient Scale (RS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC‐SF). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the goodness of fit. Face, content, concurrent validity, and internal consistency were evaluated. Results The results showed acceptable face and content validity. Goodness‐of‐fit was adequate and internal consistency (Cronbach's α exceeded .883) was strong. The CYRM‐R score correlated positively to the RS and MHC‐SF total score and negatively to the total score of BDI‐II, supporting the scale's concurrent validity. In addition, Factor analysis confirmed the two‐factor structure of this measure. Conclusion The Persian version of the CYRM‐R presents adequate psychometric properties. It is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess resilience in adolescents.