Hipótesis de la incertidumbre de resultado en deportesEste trabajo presenta la revisión de estudios empíricos, que pusieron a prueba la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado propuesta por Rottenberg (1956), en diferentes deportes y con grupos particulares de espectadores. En primer lugar, se revisan los aspectos teóricos relativos a la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, el equilibrio competitivo, la incertidumbre del resultado del juego, los determinantes de la asistencia a los deportes, entre otros. Además, considera siete artículos empíricos seleccionados críticamente y los compara en función de variables y resultados compartidos. Este trabajo explora investigaciones realizadas en la Liga Nacional de Hockey, el fútbol alemán, el béisbol coreano, la Major League Soccer, el fútbol holandés y el críquet. El análisis de esta selección concluye con que la mayoría de los estudios rechazan la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, aunque no represente una conclusión sólida debido a la diversidad de deportes y grupos analizados.

Research Summary We investigate the international transfer of managerial know‐how by analyzing manager migration patterns in the setting of international soccer. We characterize a country's managerial know‐how by estimating a stochastic frontier model, which relates the country's soccer performance to socioeconomic and climatic conditions. We find evidence of learning‐by‐hiring in that hiring a migrant manager hailing from a high know‐how country is beneficial to the destination country's performance. Larger cultural distance between the migrant manager and destination country reduces the effectiveness of learning‐by‐hiring, but this effect is moderated by the migrant manager's prior international experience. The transfer of managerial know‐how contributes to the overall convergence of low‐performing versus high‐performing soccer countries. Managerial Summary In this study, we ask whether firms in developing countries, which often suffer from having low‐quality management practices, can improve their performance by hiring managers from developed countries, who may implement better management practices. We investigate this in the context of national soccer team competition, because this allows us to track the performance of migrant managers very precisely over time. We find that hiring a migrant manager from a developed soccer country improves the performance of the developing host country. This performance improvement is smaller when the migrant's country of origin is culturally very different from the host, but migrant managers with extensive international experience are able to overcome this negative effect of cultural distance.

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This study investigates differences in the preferences of daily ticket purchasers and season ticket holders, focusing on outcome uncertainty. Using unique game-level attendance data of both daily ticket purchasers and season ticket holders for every team in the Korean top-tier professional soccer league, we find heterogeneity in demand between daily ticket purchasers and season ticket holders with respect to outcome uncertainty, preference for home team success, team performance, geographical distance between competing teams, and weekend games. Our results suggest that season ticket holders do not care as much about their team's performance and outcome uncertainty as daily ticket purchasers do.