Over the past decade researchers in behavior analysis have begun to consider the role of the matching law in describing choice behavior in sports. To date this has been examined in baseball, basketball, and football. These sports are amenable to the study of matching in that they provide dichotomous responses and have high frequencies of both responses and reinforcement. Shot selection in hockey presents a unique situation in which reinforcement occurs at a much lower rate, in that a minimal number of goals are scored per game, and there are more than 2 alternatives at each opportunity to shoot the puck. The purpose of this study was to examine response allocation for multiple alternatives in professional hockey. Results indicate that (a) the matching law can be used to describe shot selection when there are multiple alternatives, (b) using hitting the net as the reinforcer instead of goals produces better matching, and (c) matching was not related to success at the team or individual level, which is inconsistent with previous findings.

This collective editorial was developed by the Behavior and Social Issues senior editorial staff, the Board of Planners for Behaviorists for Social Responsibility, and several other leaders in behavior science due to our deep concern that the need for strategic activism over the next months and possibly years, in the United States and beyond, may be extensive. In particular, issues like Black Lives Matter; responses to the COVID-19 pandemic; acknowledgment of, much less the response to, climate change; election controversies, and fears of "civil unrest" are only some of the social and environmental issues that many divided societies are currently struggling to address. The challenges being faced often include profound differences in relational responding among groups, often integrated with obvious differences in socioeconomic resources and levels of privilege. Unfortunately, extensive, potentially helpful empirical and historical data regarding strategic options for addressing these issues and sustaining activist patterns are not widely known, even within behavior science. Given the lack of

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This paper reviews research on community efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We conducted a systematic search of the relevant literature, and supplemented our findings with an analysis of review papers previously published on the topic. The results indicate that there have been no peer-reviewed experimental evaluations of community-wide interventions to reduce greenhouse gases involving electricity, refrigeration, or food. The lack of findings limits the conclusions which can be made about the efficacy of these efforts. As a result, we are not accumulating effective interventions, and some communities may be implementing strategies that are not effective. We advocate for the funding of experimental evaluations of multi-sector community interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Such interventions would attempt to engage every sector of the community in identifying and implementing policies and practices to reduce emissions. Comprehensive multi-sector interventions are likely to have synergistic effects, such that the total impact is greater than the sum of the impact of the individual components. We describe the value of interrupted time-series designs as an alternative to randomized trials, because these designs confer particular advantages for the evaluation of strategies in entire communities.