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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to develop a measurement framework to evaluate the lean readiness level (LRL) and lean systems (LS) within Kuwaiti small and medium-sized manufacturing industries (K-SMMIs). A measurement framework which encompasses the quality practices related to LS (processes; planning and control; human resources; top management and leadership; customer relations; and supplier relations) is used to assess the quality practices in K-SMMIs and determine whether they have the foundation to implement LS. Design/methodology/approach -The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews with 27 senior managers, and a quantitative survey administered to 50 K-SMMIs. The responses were entered into SPSS software to conduct a reliability test and independent sample t-test. Findings -The results indicate that current quality practices within K-SMMIs are not very supportive towards LS. Many factors are revealed to affect K-SMMIs with respect to LS, including language barriers, and deficiencies in aspects including quality workers in terms of education and skills; technology; government attention; know-how regarding LS; market competitiveness; and urgency for adopting LS. Research limitations/implications -Very limited information is available on LS and QI in Kuwait. The LRL framework should be tested in small and medium-sized manufacturing industries (SMMIs) that successfully use LS, in order to provide a benchmark. The study's findings can be used as an internal checklist prior to and during lean implementation. Originality/value -This LS and LRL measurement framework relating to K-SMMIs represents a unique effort in the area of lean management.

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The nanocomposites are materials, which involve fillers in the nanometer scale, yielding substantial improvements.Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites have received much attention during the past decade and have great interest both in the academic field and in industry, since they often give more attractive improvement to material properties than both micro-and macrocomposite materials. This extensive review presents recent studies in polymer nanocomposites based on layered silicate. The background, morphology, preparations, and properties of these materials are discussed. The review covers and discusses various modern methods and equipments in the preparation of nanocomposites, deeply focusing on the morphology of nanocomposites and its effects on the overall properties. C Also, there were many successful nanocomposite preparations by the intercalation solution reported, for example, PEO/MMT nanocomposites, 66 polysulfone/OMLSdimethylacetamide, 171 PI/MMT-dodecylammonium, 220 and poly(vinyl alcohol)/Na + -MMT-water. 221