Objectives Phyllanthus niruri has been known as an immunomodulator and also reported to possess an antiviral activity against several RNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus by inhibiting viral entry and replication. Since the current situation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which infected among the world and caused severe disease and high morbidity, it urgently needed to find new agents against COVID-19. Therefore, in silico screening against COVID-19 receptors is carried out as an initial stage of drug discovery by evaluating the activity of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, an isolated from Phyllanthus niruri, in inhibiting spike glycoprotein (6LZG) and main protease (5R7Y) which play as target receptors of COVID-19. Methods Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 used to determine the best binding energy through the rerank score which shows the total energy bonds calculation. Results Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin demonstrated to possess greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 inhibition sites than their native ligand. The rerank score of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are lower than the native ligands 6LZG and 5R7Y. This result indicated that phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin have a stronger interaction than the native ligands both in spike glycoprotein (entry inhibitor) and main protease (translation and replication inhibitor). Conclusions In conclusion, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are predicted to have strong activity against COVID-19 through inhibiting spike glycoprotein and main protease under in silico study. Further research is needed to support the development of P. niruri as inhibitor agents of COVID-19 through bioassay studies.

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Program Keluarga Berencana  (KB) yang dimulai sejak tahun 1970-an memberikan dampak positif untuk pengendalian jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Jumlah penduduk yang banyak menyebabkan berbagai masalah seperti tingginya angka pengangguran, meningkatnya angka kemiskinan dan kriminalitas. Di era milenial meskipun tidak sepopular dahulu, pengenalan program KB, terutama terkait kontrasepsi, masih diperlukan hingga saat ini. Untuk keamanan dan efektivitas dari penggunaan kontrasepsi tentu diperlukan penjelasan yang cukup dan tepat sasaran. Di era sekarang ini terjadi perubahan pola pemberian informasi, baik dari sisi medianya maupun caranya. Tantangan era milenial adalah pesatnya perkembangan teknologi sehingga semua orang dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi, tidak terkecuali tentang kontrasepsi. Kelompok masyarakat yang paling terpengaruh dengan perkembangan ini adalah generasi Z selanjutnya disebut GenZ. Oleh karena itu survei ditujukan kepada GenZ di wilayah Surabaya untuk mengetahui persepsi yang dimiliki terkait kontrasepsi serta menentukan strategi yang tepat bagi apoteker muda dalam memberikan informasi yang tepat di masa mendatang. Hasil survei dari 106 responden menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar GenZ menyatakan telah mengenal istilah kontrasepsi. Mayoritas jawaban responden (21,9%) menyatakan bahwa media sosial merupakan sarana untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kontrasepsi. Selain media sosial, berturut-turut sarana yang menjadi sumber informasi responden terkait kontrasepsi adalah guru (19,8%), teman (15,6%), media elektronik (14,3%), dan tenaga kesehatan (10,5%).

Background: Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction that is generally mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). More than 25% of the world’s population is suspected of having these various diseases, and the prevalence and progression of these diseases have continued to increase significantly in recent years. Among these allergy-related diseases, allergic rhinitis and food allergy are the types of allergies with the highest prevalence. Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. Objective: This study aimed to determine the behavioral changes of allergic rhinitis after Indonesian House Dust Mites (IHDM) allergenic extract administration as an immunotherapy. Methods: Eight male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks in each group were treated for seven groups. The sensitization phase is given intraperitoneal, the desensitization phase is given by subcutaneous, and the challenge phase is given intranasal. The allergic parameters were observed, such as nose rubbing and sneezing. The parameters were observed for 15 minutes after the challenge administration. Results: The results showed that the administration of Indonesian House Dust Mites as immunotherapy decreased the frequency of nose rubbing and sneezing after the administration of immunotherapy compared to the allergic rhinitis model. Conclusions: The administration of the Indonesia House Dust Mites as immunotherapy decreased the allergic rhinitis immune response by altering the behavioral parameter.

Background: Food allergies have become more common in the last decade. Shrimp is one of the most dominant food allergy triggers in Asian countries, including Indonesia. After ingesting allergens, B cells will produce allergen-specific Immunoglobin E (IgE). In the sensitization period, repeated allergen exposure promotes Mast Cell (MC) degranulation in intestinal tissue and releases several inflammatory mediators, thereby causing hypersensitivity reactions. Shrimp Allergen Extract (SAE) is an immunotherapy and diagnostic agent currently being developed in Indonesia. In this study, we investigated the effect of SAE administration on eliciting an MC immunological response. Methods: Mice were divided into a non-sensitized and sensitized group. The non-sensitized group only received 1 mg of alum (i.p), whereas the sensitized group received 1 mg of alum and 100 μg of SAE on days 0, 7, and 14. Then, both groups were challenged with 400 μg SAE (p.o) on days 21, 22, and 23 following systemic allergic symptom observation. Results: We showed that SAE was able to increase systemic allergic symptoms significantly in the sensitized mice through repeated challenge (1.33±0.21; 1.83±0.17; and 2.00±0.00), compared to non-sensitized mice (0.17±0.17). Moreover, histopathological analysis showed that the SAE administration causes an increase of MC degranulation in the ileum tissue of the sensitized mice (44.43%±0.01), compared to non-sensitized mice (35.45%±0.01) Conclusions: This study found that SAE could induce allergic reactions in mice by influencing critical effector cells, MCs.