Novel mesoporous silica supported ILs have been prepared and successfully applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in Mannich reactions.

A series of functionalized ionic liquids immobilized onto SBA‐15 mesoporous materials were prepared, characterized and evaluated as catalysts in cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. Most of these immobilized ILs perform well in the reaction, especially the multifunctional titanium incorporated SBA‐15 immobilized heterogeneous catalysts Ti‐SBA‐15@ILClCH2COO(0.5) and Al‐SBA‐15@ILClCH2COO(0.5). The catalytic tests revealed that Ti‐SBA‐15@ILClCH2COO(0.5) was the best and powerful catalyst in the cycloaddition for the preparation of cyclic carbonates with high to excellent yields. The heterogeneous catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and reused in six consecutive cycles without significant loss in catalytic activity. The studies demonstrate that the well designed supported catalysts via cooperative catalysis of the supported carrier, anion sites of ILs is a promising platform for construction of novel and highly efficient catalytic transformation systems.

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The water conservancy projects bring benefits to the society. At the same time, they change the suitable habitat for fish, block the channel between upstream and downstream of fish; the reservoir discharged water had a negative impact on fishs breeding and growth. Therefore, we should actively take some appropriate protective and compensatory measures on fish while we construct water conservancy projects, which include establishing the fish germplasm bank, constructing fish passage facilities, releasing water from the reservoir hierarchically, constructing fish-breeding and releasing station and fish protected area, etc.