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Metabolic abnormality has been considered to be the seventh characteristic in cancer cells. The potential prospect of using serum biomarkers metabolites to differentiate ALL from AML remains unclear. The purpose of our study is to probe whether the differences in metabolomics are related to clinical laboratory-related indicators. We used LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis to study 50 peripheral blood samples of leukemia patients from a single center. Then Chi-square test and T test were used to analyze the clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators and cytokines of 50 patients with leukemia. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between them and the differential metabolites of different types of leukemia. Our study shows that it is feasible to better identify serum metabolic differences in different types and states of leukemia by metabolomic analysis on existing clinical diagnostic techniques. The metabolism of choline and betaine may also be significantly related to the patient’s blood lipid profile. The main enrichment pathways for distinguishing differential metabolites in different types of leukemia are amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. All these findings suggested that differential metabolites and lipid profiles might identify different types of leukemia based on existing clinical diagnostic techniques, and their rich metabolic pathways help us to better understand the physiological characteristics of leukemia.