This study investigates organizational and environmental determinants of functional and dysfunctional turnover. Functional turnover is negatively associated with levels of pay and unemployment and positively associated with the availability of individual incentive programs. Dysfunctional turnover is positively associated with the presence of group incentive programs and negatively associated with the presence of unions. The implications of these findings are explored.

Purpose Entrepreneurial innovation has been the most important source for improvement in firm performance. Innovation in family firms has become the focal issue in firm strategy. In today’s high-velocity environment, the dynamic organizational adaptation is essential for sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of changes in external environment and the relationship between changes in the economic environment and family firms’ innovation in response to the environmental shift. Design/methodology/approach The authors designed a survey questionnaire to obtain primary data for the study. The survey consists of family firm structure, innovation drivers, governance, core competence and performance. Authors applied a random stratified sample method in selecting samples to reflect the population in family firms. Findings The study identified market conditions, technology and regulation as innovation drivers. The authors found that these innovation drivers have positive effects on family firm performance, although the technology variable is the only statistically significant variable at the conventional statistical significance level. Research limitations/implications The authors expected to have better response rate, and wish to have more observations. The authors would have stronger results if you could get more data. Practical implications Family firms need to respond to the high velocity of environment and to develop capabilities that understand the nature of changes in economic environment and take effective steps. The study findings offer guidelines for the managers of how to manage the firms in the dynamic environment. Social implications Family firms should use this results to develop strategies to deal with various economics situations. Originality/value The study identifies innovation drivers in family firms. The study contributes to finding and empirical testing of family firm innovation drivers. Findings of the study are valuable for managing the high velocity of today’s economic environment: changes in markets, technologies and regulations.

There are differences in organizational architecture between union and non-union construction firms in early 1990s. The construction industry has traditionally been dominated by strong union firms. However, non-union construction firms began to emerge in the 1990s and this change caused to bring conflicts between union and non-union construction firms. This presents a unique opportunity to study employees' attitude toward organization. This article investigates workers' attitudes toward union and non-union construction firms in terms of organizational commitment (OC) and turnover intention. Control variables in OC and turnover intention include personal characteristics, job characteristics, group−leader relations and organizational characteristics. The study found that employees in union firms are more committed to the organization than non-union organization, but they have higher intention to job turnover although the regression coefficients of union variable in commitment and turnover intention are not statistically significant at the conventional level of significance.

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This paper investigates factors affecting the global sourcing choices of firms in the US: (1) US investment abroad; (2) foreign direct investment in the US; (3) wage-productivity ratio; and (4) transaction cost. I found that there is a statistically significant association between the country of sourcing choices and foreign direct investment. Both the wage-productivity ratios and transaction costs are not statistically significant at the conventional significance level, but their regression coefficients show proper signs. The paper also examines the patterns of foreign direct investment among countries and compares transaction costs by income group. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.