This paper proposed a railway wagon anti-theft system based on ZigBee technology. The system was consisted of Handheld device, Router and End device. The Handheld device was mainly used for the configuration of the net and initialization. The Router was used to relay the message between the Handheld device and End device. The End device was a monitoring node. The CC2430 microprocessor was the controller of the system. The magnetic sensor was used to monitor the status of the wagon door. The alarm information would be transmitted to the Handheld device to display and alarm. RFID technology was used to mark the number of train carriages. In addition, GPRS module was used for transmitting the wagon information to the remote PC, and finishing wireless long-distance monitor. The experiments verify the reliability of the system. It is proved that the system has a certain application value.