Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) technology has been widely used in Earth atmospheric detection and has a significant impact on numerical weather prediction (NWP), climate detection, and other fields. Cosmic-2 LEO-1 (C2E1) is a well-known RO data provider; however, its observations are confined to 45°S and 45°N. Recently, the Binhu meteorological observation test satellite (BH) has provided global coverage of RO data, including refractivity, specific humidity, and temperature data. In this study, RO data from BH and C2E1 are analyzed and compared from 8 February 2022 to 17 February 2022. Employing the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-5) data as a reference, both BH and C2E1 RO data agree with the ERA data, with the refractivity, temperature, and specific humidity profiles reflecting the real conditions of the natural atmosphere. In addition, BH data are comparable to C2E1 data at low and middle latitudes (0–45°), and BH data at middle and high latitudes (45–90°) are of better quality than those at low and middle latitudes (0–45°). For example, without considering the errors introduced by the interpolation of the ERA-5 data for comparative analysis, the BH refractivity profiles show a mean absolute bias of 0.73 N at low and middle latitudes and only 0.23 N at middle and high latitudes, and that for BH specific humidity profiles at middle and high latitudes is 0.015 g/kg, which is only half of that at low and middle latitudes. The BH temperature and specific humidity data show promising data accuracy. Therefore, BH RO data may provide important supplementary data at higher latitudes and may improve future NWPs through assimilation.

The present study investigates the impact of the central Pacific warming (CPW) on the monsoon trough (MT) over the western North Pacific (WNP) during July–November of 1948–2015. It is shown that the relationship of the CPW with the MT experienced a remarkable change around 1984. Compared with 1948–1983, the MT was significantly stronger and extended eastward during the CPW events from 1984 to 2015. This relationship can be explained by the increase in the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific around 1984, especially over the central Pacific. Before 1984, the significantly cool ocean in the tropical western Pacific with the weakly warm ocean in the tropical central Pacific reduced the MT development and the eastward shift over the WNP during the CPW events. However, the enhanced low‐level westerlies and cyclonic vorticity induced by the warmer ocean surface in the tropical central Pacific led to the strengthening and further eastward extension of the MT during the CPW events after 1984. Following the eastward extension of the MT, the enhanced 850‐hPa positive vorticity, intensified 200‐hPa divergence, increased relative humidity, and reduced vertical wind shear tend to shift eastward during the CPW events after 1984, which favor tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. The results show more TCs after 1984 over the WNP during the CPW events than before 1984.