Measles is caused by measles virus belonging to genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. Vaccination has played a critical role in controlling measles infection worldwide. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of measles infection still occur in many developing countries. Here, we report an outbreak of measles among healthcare workers and among the 60 measles infected patients 50 were healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, staff, and medics. Fifty-one patients (85%) tested positive for IgM antibodies against the measles virus and 50 patients (83.3%) tested positive for measles virus RNA. Surprisingly, 73.3% of the infected individuals had been previously immunized against measles. Since there is no infection division in our hospital, the fever clinics are located in the Emergency Division. In addition, the fever and rash were not recognized as measles symptoms at the beginning of the outbreak. These factors result in delay in isolation and early confirmation of the suspected patients and eventually a measles outbreak in the hospital. Our report highlights the importance of following a two-dose measles vaccine program in people including the healthcare workers. In addition, vigilant attention should be paid to medical staff with clinical fever and rash symptoms to avoid a possible nosocomial transmission of measles infection.

A method of detecting brain neural activity with the microwave transmission technology is presented in this paper. This method is based on the fact that the dielectric properties of brain functional site vary with the electrophysiological neural activity. The analysis of the uniform plane wave propagation of dynamic layered medium shows that the phase change of transmission coefficient (S-parameters) is consistent with the variation frequency of permittivity in the dynamic dielectric layer. A 3D head model was introduced to assign dynamic dielectric properties to the cerebral cortex by embedding a tissue piece in this head model. A six-element horn antenna array around the head model was designed, and two types of brain activity at various locations (visual cortex and auditory cortex) inside the head model has been discussed. The simulation results of microwave scattering in different directions show that forward scattering has better applicability. The frequency of the permittivity variation associated with the brain neuronal activity (10 Hz, 20 Hz) can be extracted from the phase variation on S-parameters. In addition, the specific absorption rate analysis ensures the safety of using the microwave in the design of human head detection systems. INDEX TERMS Microwave transmission, dynamic dielectric, phase detection, SAR analysis.

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