In this work, the effective anisotropy Heff in the free layer of patterned spin-valve resistor has been investigated. A magnetic analysis is first conducted to explain the effective anisotropy, a mixed effect of the uniaxial anisotropy and the shape anisotropy. The experiment is then performed to verify the model analysis. The effective anisotropy Heff is found to be inversely proportional to the resistor linewidth, and can be modified by controlling the orientation of the axis of the uniaxial anisotropy relative to the resistor length, therefore providing a method of modifying the device sensitivity. The sensitivity is higher when spin valve is patterned with the free layer easy axis parallel rather than perpendicular to the resistor length.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most commonly occurring cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite improvements in early detection and treatment, the morbidity and mortality remain high because of complex molecular mechanisms and cellular heterogeneity in HCC. Immunotherapy therapies have been identified to be an effective treatment strategy for HCC. However, novel model is still needed to predict the survival and clinical immunotherapy response in HCC. Here we established a gene signature using iron metabolism-related genes form the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the survival outcomes were validated from International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC). Distinct subtypes (high- and low-risk subtypes) were characterized by different clinical outcomes. The high-risk subtype was featured by better survival outcomes, upregulation of immune checkpoints expression, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4(CTLA-4) expression, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3(TIM-3) expression and T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) expression, upregulated cell cycle relevant pathways and better response for immunotherapy. Thus our finding suggested that the novel model may be useful as a biomarker for prognostic predication, immunotherapy and cell cycle inhibitors may be efficacious for high-risk subtype of HCC patients.

X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is mainly expressed in breast cancer (BC) in human cancers. Its tumorigenesis and favourable prognosis are contradictory, and its essential role in chemotherapeutic response and immunosuppression is unknown in BC. The study firstly identified XBP1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) from GSE25055 and GSE24460. Associations between XBP1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was investigated using Oncomine, TCGA, UALCAN, and bc-GenExMiner. The prognostic value of XBP1 was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier Plotter, bc-GenExMiner, GSE25055, and GSE25056. Furthermore, we systematically correlated XBP1 and immunological characteristics in the BC tumour microenvironment (TME) using TISIDB, TIMER, GSE25055, GSE25056 and TCGA dataset. Finally, an essential role of XBP1 in chemotherapy response was evaluated based on GSE25055, GSE25065, GSE24460, GSE5846, ROC Plotter and CELL databases. Furthermore, XBP1 mRNA expression levels were obviously highest in BC among human cancers and were significantly related to a good prognosis. In addition, XBP1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in the luminal subtype than in normal tissues and basal-like subtype, which might be attributed to membrane transport-related processes. Apart from BC, negative immunological correlations of XBP1 were not observed in other malignancies. XBP1 might shape the non-inflamed TME in BC. Finally, XBP1 expression was higher in chemo-resistive than chemo-sensitive cases, it had a predictive value and could independently predict chemotherapy response in BC patients receiving NAC. Our study suggests that the essential role of XBP1 in clinical pathologic features, non-Inflamed TME, chemotherapy response in BC.