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An algorithm is presented in this paper to generate correlated coherent sea clutter with high credibility. It can be considered as a high credible simulation result when we generate sea clutter at a condition exactly similar to the measurement condition based on empirical models developed from the measured data. A large number of measurement studies have been taken at low grazing angles and some empirical models have been obtained from these measurements. The paper lists some classical measurement data and their amplitude distribution models. The mean clutter reflectivity and the amplitude distribution of sea clutter is great influenced by the grazing angle. This paper discusses the method to choose a suitable empirical model by the value of grazing angle. By analyzing the range of grazing angle in each measurement condition, the paper displays the relationship between grazing angle and the shape parameter of the related amplitude distribution model. Correlated random sea clutter variates according to the proposed algorithm is generated. The statistical goodness of fit tests on the estimated results is performed to determine the accuracy of the random numbers.

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The typical models, namely, Hybrid (HYB) model, Technology Service Corporation (TSC) model, and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) model, reveal a large deviation at medium and high grazing angles that leads to an inaccurate prediction of sea clutter backscattering coefficient, owing to a limitation of the measured Nathanson data. An improved model for sea clutter reflectivity is proposed as a function of grazing angle, azimuth direction, radar polarization and wind speed, based on the SEASAT-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) model with sufficient measured data at Ku-band. To deal with the redundant structure of SASS model, the improved SASS model is developed to simplify the calculation of mean backscatter coefficients of sea clutter. In addition, the design algorithm of the improved SASS model, as well as the model usage method is presented. The reliability of the improved SASS model is proved by comparisons with Nathanson models and measured sea clutter data.