Background: Bone bruises observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury could provide significant information about ACL injury mechanisms. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate common bone bruise patterns after an ACL injury. It was hypothesized that the most common bone bruise distribution pattern would be only the lateral side of both the femur and tibia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Knee MRI scans of patients who underwent acute ACL reconstruction from August 2016 to August 2018 at our institution were selected. Imaging sequences in the sagittal and coronal planes were used for determining the bone bruise location in the lateral-medial and anterior-posterior directions, respectively. The presence, location, and intensity of bone bruises within specific compartments of the tibia and femur were documented. The relative bone bruise patterns of the tibia and femur were classified and analyzed. Results: A total of 207 patients (165 men, 42 women) met the inclusion criteria from a total of 4209 ACL reconstruction cases. The most common relative bone bruise pattern was located on only the lateral side of both the femur and the tibia (44.4%), followed by the lateral and medial sides of both the femur and tibia (29.0%). For the pattern found on the lateral and medial sides of both the femur and tibia, the bone bruises on only the lateral side of both the tibia and femur were more severe ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) and more anterior ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively) than those on only the medial side. Conclusion: The most common relative bone bruise pattern observed was on only the lateral side of both the tibia and femur. Bone bruises on the lateral side were more severe than those on the medial side in patients with bone bruises on the lateral and medial sides of both the femur and tibia. Anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur occurred during an ACL injury based on the location of bone bruises in the anterior-posterior direction.

AimsTo translate the English version of Tegner Activity Score into a Simplified-Chinese version (Tegner-C) and evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsTegner-C was cross-culturally adapted according to established guidelines. The validity and reliability of Tegner-C were assessed in 78 participants, with 19–20 participants in each of the four groups: before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (pre-ACLR) group, 2–3 months after ACLR group, 3–12 months after ACLR group, and healthy control group. Each participant was asked to complete the Tegner-C and Chinese version of International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF-C) twice, with an interval of 5±2 days. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2, 1) was used to assess the reliability and Spearman’s rank correlation was used for construct validity.ResultsThe ICC2,1 was higher than 0.90 for all groups except in the pre-ACLR group, for which the ICC2,1 was 0.71 (0.41, 0.87) (All with p<0.001). The absolute reliability as evaluated by the smallest detectable change was 0.43, 2.12, 0.89, and 0.44 for the healthy control group, pre-ACLR group, 2–3 months after ACLR group, and 3–12 months after ACLR group, respectively. Neither a ceiling effect nor a floor effect was observed for any group. Significant difference was observed for both Tegner-C and IKDC-SKF-C scores between the control and the other three groups (all with p<0.001), and between pre-ACLR and the 2–3 months after ACLR group (p<0.001).ConclusionsTegner-C demonstrated comparable psychometric properties to the original English version and thus is reliable and valid for Chinese-speaking patients with ACL injury.

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