Context The Amur tiger and leopard, once roaming over the Eurasian continent, are now endangered and confined to the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, Russia-a landscape that has been increasingly fragmented due to human activities. The ultimate fate of these big cats depends on whether they can resettle in their previous main historical range in NE China. Recent sightings of these animals along the China-Russia border have aroused new hope, but direct evidence is lacking.Objectives The main objectives of our study were (1) to determine the abundance and spatiotemporal patterns of tigers, leopards, and primary prey; (2) to investigate factors influencing the resettlement of the two big cats; and (3) to propose a landscape-scale conservation plan to secure the long-term sustainability of the Amur tiger and leopard. Methods We monitored the two felids, their prey, and human activities, with 380 camera-trap stations, for a total of 175,127 trap days and over an area of 6000 km 2 in NE China. We used the constraint line method to characterize cattle grazing and human influences on tigers, leopards, and their prey species.Tianming Wang and Limin Feng contributed equally to this work.
Burnout is a common syndrome among teachers across the globe in the recent two decades. Although teacher burnout may be related to years of teaching experiences and emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions), there is no consensus on the mechanisms of how teaching experience affects burnout. Thus, the study aims to examine how teaching experience and emotional labor are associated with teacher burnout. By surveying 417 teachers in China, the study finds that teaching burnout is negative associated with teaching experiences and the expression of naturally felt emotions, while positively associated with surface acting. Moreover, a further analysis suggests surface acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions are mediating roles in the relationship between teacher burnout and teaching experiences respectively.
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