The conventional loader actuator hydraulic system suffers from the potential energy waste problem of the boom arm. This study proposes a hydraulic control method and control strategy for the energy recovery and regeneration of a hybrid loader arm. When the boom arm drops, the piston side of the boom cylinder charges the accumulator, and the system achieves energy recovery. When the boom arm rises, the accumulator releases hydraulic energy to drive the energy regeneration hydraulic motor to provide energy for the system, and the system achieves energy regeneration. The system’s principle analysis and the mathematical model are completed based on Boyle’s, Newton’s second law, and the flow continuity principle. The simulation model is established using AMESim 2D mechanical library, HCD library, and signal library. Under the typical working condition, 50-type wheel loader numerical simulation research is conducted, and the system cylinder motion characteristics, accumulator charging and discharging performance, system energy recovery, and regeneration performance are obtained. On this basis, energy recovery and regeneration efficiency are selected as optimization objectives. The optimal designs of accumulator and energy regeneration hydraulic motor parameters are carried out to obtain the influence law of accumulator and hydraulic motor parameters on system energy recovery and regeneration, and the energy-saving effect of the system is analyzed. The results show that the optimized parameters effectively improve the system energy recovery and regeneration efficiency and reduce engine fuel consumption. The system provides a reference for designing an energy recovery system and researching the energy-saving technology of loaders.

The conventional load-sensitive hydraulic drive chassis system for agricultural machinery uses a combination of engine and load-sensitive pump, which cannot adjust the control strategy according to the working conditions. It does not meet the current trend of energy-saving and emission reduction. To this end, an electro-hydraulic load-sensitive hydraulic drive chassis system for agricultural machinery, which uses a combination of permanent magnet synchronous motor and quantitative pump, is proposed. A variable LS differential pressure control and a variable differential pressure control of the pressure compensation valve to improve agricultural machinery's working performance are proposed. AMESim is used to establish the system simulation model to obtain the system composite motion, variable LS differential pressure control, and variable pressure differential control of the pressure compensation valve performance. The simulation results show that the system achieves the essential functions of a conventional load-sensitive system. The variable LS differential pressure control and the variable pressure differential control of the pressure compensation valve are feasible. They can effectively improve the performance of agricultural machinery to adapt to working conditions. It can effectively reduce the system energy consumption and provide a theoretical basis for the intellectualization of electric agricultural machinery.

The conventional electric loader uses a motor instead of an engine, which aligns with the current energy−saving and emission−reduction trend. However, the motor’s speed control performance and overload capacity are under−utilized, and the actuator suffers from the potential energy waste problem of the boom arm. This study proposes a variable pressure margin energy recovery system for the electric loader actuator. It uses a combination of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and a quantitative pump. It can achieve variable pressure margin control and energy recovery through the pressure feedback closed−loop control. AMESim is used to build the simulation model based on the system control strategy, actuator, supercapacitor, and PMSM mathematical mode. Under typical working conditions, the simulation study is conducted on a 50−type wheel loader to obtain cylinder displacement, system energy recovery, and energy−saving performance. The simulation results show that the system is feasible and can effectively reduce energy consumption. Its energy recovery efficiency is 65.4%. The PMSM energy supply is reduced by 28.6% with the variable pressure margin control. It has high energy−saving performance, and the energy−saving efficiency is 38.5%. It provides a reference for research on energy−saving systems for electric construction machinery.