Background: This study was carried out based on the background that lumbar disc herniation seriously affects patients' quality of life but its clinical treatment effect remains unsatisfactory.Methods: In total, 140 patients with lumbar disc herniation are randomly divided into a single operation group (SO) and a combined treatment group (CT). Among them, patients in the SO group received single treatment of TESSYS technique under spinal endoscopy, while patients in the CT group received combined drug therapy including coenzyme A, adenosine triphosphate, 10% glucose injection, 10% potassium chloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, dexamethasone, 20% mannitol and traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the SO group. The clinical effect, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), recurrence rate, levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and quality of life score were compared between the two groups.Results: The treatment effectiveness rate of the CT group was markedly better than that in the SO group (P<0.01). At 3-and 6-month postoperatively, the JOA scores, VAS scores, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the CT group were significantly better than those in the SO group (P<0.05). During the 6-12-month followup, the recurrence rate and WHOQOL-BREF scores in the SO group and CT group was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusions:TESSYS technique under spinal endoscopy combined with drug therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation has a significant clinical effect. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical popularization.