Despite the protection provided by several factors, including maternal antibodies, the burden of malaria in young infants may be higher than previously thought. Infants with congenital or neonatal malaria may have a different clinical presentation than older children, and diagnosis may be confused with other neonatal diseases due to an overlap of clinical manifestations. In addition, there is little information on the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in young infants. There is the need for a more accurate estimate of the parasite prevalence and the incidence of clinical malaria in infants under 6 months old, as well as a better characterization of risk factors, pharmacokinetic profiles, safety and efficacy of currently available anti-malarial treatments, in order to develop evidence-based treatment guidelines for this population.

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Background: Viral hepatitis B and C share the same transmissions route with HIV. This fact could explain the relative high prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection. Objective:The purpose of this study is to determine HIV and Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection frequency among HIV infected children's cohort at Cotonou National Teaching Hospital and identify predicting factors of this coinfection. Materials and methods:Authors performed a descriptive, cross-sectionnal and analytic study covering the periood of 1st of May to 31st of August at the Cotonou National Teaching Hospital which is a tertiary hospital dedicated to HIV infected children follow up and management. Recruitment was exhaustive and sociodemographic, clinical and biological data (Ag HBs, ac HBc) were registered.Results: 31 cases of co-infection were registered among 234 HIV infected children (13.2%). HIV/VHB coinfection was encountered in 12.8% of cases and HIV/VHC co-infection in 0.4%. Through univariate analysis history of blood transfusion was an associated factor and through multivariate analysis, predicting factors of that co-infection were length of HAART (p=0.0375), children's hepatitis B immunization status (p=0.0461) and history of blood transfusion (p=0.0162). Conclusion:This work will contributes to reinforce regular screening of hepatitis B and C co-infection among HIV infected children before HAART initiation and also serve as tool for advocacy for hepatitis B immunization at birth in our country.