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This paper presents a new type-2 fuzzy logic control (T2FLC) for active/reactive power (AP/RP) regulation and energy storage management of an independent microgrid (MG). The case-study MG includes sporadic renewable sources that lead to significant frequency and voltage fluctuations in the network. The rules of suggested T2FLCs are tuned such that a fractional-order sliding condition can be satisfied. Also a new approach using square-root-cubature Kalman filter is designed to optimize the membership parameters of T2FLCs. Beside AP/RP power regulation, an electrical storage system (battery energy storage system (BESS)) is managed to produce the rated power, rather than a conventional generator. It makes the device frequency separate from the synchronous generator’s mechanical inertia. Nevertheless, a BESS has a power limit – it uses a synchronous generator to sustain the BESS charge state at a certain value. Sustainable energies achieve a voltage-damping impact by supplementing an AP/RP droop strategy procedure that considerably reduces voltage oscillation created by variation of its own output power. In various disturbed scenarios the good performance of the suggested controller and energy management system is shown.

Recently, the Digital Twin (DT) technology, which joints the physical environment and virtual space, has drawn more attention in industry and research academic plans. In general, the virtual model representations of the physical objects are created in the DT manner to simulates the characteristics and behaviors of the real-word system. Applying a supervisory system not only can reduce the failures of components, but also preserve the overall costs associated with the system at a minimum. This paper reviews the DT applications in the power system, while its advantages in wind turbines, solar panels, power electronic converter, and shipboard electrical system will be briefly discussed. The potential benefits of contemporary technologies to ameliorate the DT in the industry are studied. Besides, it provides a great technique to assess and analyze system performance. As a basis for DT, various new emerging developments as an example of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, the internet of things (IoT), and 5 G are reviewed.

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