Transdermal drug delivery patches based on hydrogels are widely used for the transdermal delivery of diverse drugs. However, most hydrogels do not exhibit adequate adhesiveness to skin surface. Herein, tissue adhesive hydrogels consisting of polyacrylamide/polydopamine (PAM/PDA) hydrogels embedded with extra-large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (XL-MSNs) are proposed based on the synergy of cohesive and adhesive properties. The incorporation of XL-MSNs leads to enhanced strength and adhesiveness to skin tissue due to an increased cohesive property derived from molecular interactions between XL-MSNs and polymer chains. The application of XL-MSNs to the hydrogel-skin tissue interface leads to a further enhanced adhesiveness due to the adhesive gluing role of XL-MSNs on the interface. The optimized condition enables a 4.9-fold increase in adhesion energy on the porcine skin tissue, compared to the control PAM/PDA patch. Strong adhesion is achieved immediately after the hydrogel patch is attached onto the skin as well as the surfaces of other organs. Finally, transdermal drug delivery through porcine skin is demonstrated by using the hydrogel patch, with a model drug loaded in the XL-MSNs embedded in the patch. These observations indicate a simple but highly effective strategy for preparing a highly adhesive hydrogel patch for transdermal drug delivery.

In article number 2004407, Jaeyun Kim and co-workers describe a hydrogel patch with enhanced strength and high adhesiveness to skin tissue. The incorporation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles within the polydopamine-based hydrogel and between the hydrogel-tissue interface leads to significant enhancements of adhesiveness of the hydrogel to skin. The rapid adhesion and sustained drug delivery through the skin could allow for a hydrogel patch for transdermal drug delivery.

Large-scale decontamination of bisphenol A (BPA) from wastewater under field conditions is an urgent need because of the harmful toxic effects of BPA on living organisms. In this study, we report the fabrication of a threedimensional (3D) hierarchically porous composite scaffold composed of mesoporous SBA-15 silica microrods and reduced graphene oxide (rGO-CD) functionalized with βcyclodextrin (CD) and its application for BPA separation from contaminated water. The macroporous structure was achieved by sacrificial salt leaching, and the mesoporous structure was derived from the interparticle pores between compressed SBA-15 particles and intrinsic mesopores in SBA-15. The 3D hierarchical macroporous and mesoporous architecture of the scaffold enhances mass transport without any external forces, and the rGO-CD component provides good capture sites for BPA in solution via inclusion complexation between CD and BPA. The inorganic SBA-15 component of the scaffold also allows long-term operation of filters by increasing the mechanical strength of the scaffold. The hierarchically porous SBA-15/rGO-CD composite scaffold could separate BPA from contaminated water significantly better than the scaffold without rGO-CD in both batch and filter systems. Our study indicates that the functional hierarchically porous composite scaffold can be a potential material in wastewater treatment technology.

Background: This study aims to report clinical outcome and long term graft and patient survival rate of one thousand kidney transplantation. We analyzed risk factors that impact on graft survival in the 1,000 case of kidney transplantation through this study.Methods: We have performed 1,000 cases of kidney transplantation in Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from February 1995 to January 2008. We retrospectively reviewed medical record of recipients and donors.Results: The mean follow up period was 69 months. Composition of type of donor was living donor, 653 cases and deceased donor, 347 cases. Type of donor source was mostly living-related type. 94 cases had graft failure. Major cause of graft failure was chronic allograft nephropathy. And major viral infection was cytomegalovirus infection. Major non-viral infection was urinary tract infection. 47 cases of immediate post operative complication was diagnosed as lymphocele. Overall 10-year graft survival rate was 83.9% respectively. 10-year patient survival rate was 95.7% respectively. 10-year graft survival and patient survival of recipient were significantly different between living donation group and deceased donation group.Conclusions: In this report, only two risk factor were statically significant difference.