Currently, in the world, there are many different hydrological models built and developed to solve problems related to the hydrological cycle. Each model has its specific mathematical foundations to describe physical processes in nature. Therefore, each model has its various characteristics: setting up the model, input data requirements, model calibration and verification, and output results. Water balance is still playing an important role in the effective management and use of water resources for agriculture. Based on the results of the hydrological parameter’s calculation, the water balance of the study basin can be calculated by the user or by the separated module of each model. Each hydrological models have its advantages and disadvantages. However, it is impossible to simulate hydrological processes and water balance completely accurately in nature. Still, simulation results can give us a view of the changing trend of hydrological components and the water balance. Model developers are gradually completing the shortcomings and improving the efficiency and accuracy so that the model can simulate reality with the highest accuracy. This paper sets out to review the fifteen hydrological models currently widely used in the world. Within the frame of the present study, some models are only briefly introduced; the rest are considered in more detail, from more aspects, from specific examples so that readers can decide for themselves which model is suitable for their study area and simulation needs, especially in the identity of the complex and unpredictable impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector.

Extreme weather and climate changes are emerging more frequently in Central Europe, Hungary, and in the near future the increase in prolonged droughts, high-intensity precipitation events and the temporal variations of precipitation are expected, which may increase the magnitude of local water damages (OVF, 2016). As a result of climate change, these extreme weather events will be more frequent, however it is difficult to predict them, as until now insufficient amount of observations are available on smaller watercourses and on refined territorial water balances. For the future assessment of the environmental and economic impacts of climate change, it is essential to explore the integrated relationship of evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, surface and subsurface waters, and other hydrological processes, which can fundamentally describe regionally the water management conditions. In this research, an earlier study (DHI Hungary 2019) on the catchment area of the main canal of the Dong-ér Brook is pursued to continue the development of the MIKE SHE model in a more complex manner. Within the frame of the present study, the relationship between the individual hydrological parameters, the water balance components and extreme precipitation events (drought, heavy rainfall events) for the entire drainage basin have been examined, besides, the expected effects of the predicted temperature rise on the water balance is evaluated. Using data from 2018 as reference, the sensitivity of the changes in daily precipitation and daily mean temperature has been assessed to estimate the effects of the future climate change on hydrological parameters and water balance components.

This study focuses on the development and characterization of polyurethane/bamboo fiber composites foams which have the specific properties to participate both in the thermal insulation and regulation of the humidity inside the building. The polyurethane foam reinforced by bamboo fibers (5–20 wt%) were produced to investigate the mechanical test, the morphological characterization and thermal properties. The result from mechanical test showed that the compressive strength was increased at 5 wt % of bamboo fiber. Likewise, the effects of the fibre diameter and nature of bamboo fibers on some properties (compressive test, thermal analyses, surface morphology) of bamboo fibre reinforced rigid polyurethane foam were studied. The bamboo Gai and Luong fibres result in composites with better mechanical strength than the other fiber composites.