The extraction socket classification proposed here is an objective and helpful tool for socket assessment and for promoting future implant esthetics.

The interrelationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has aroused much speculation, confusion, and controversy. Pulpal and periodontal problems are responsible for more than 50% of tooth mortality today. Diagnosis is often difficult since these diseases have been studied primarily as separate entities. The toxic substances of the pulp may initiate periodontal defects through canal ramifications and patent dentinal tubules, thus impairing wound healing in regenerative procedures. Although no studies exist addressing the direct effect of pulpal infection on the outcome of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures, several studies do indicate that pulpal status may play a significant role toward the end results of GTR. This review article discusses the potential influence of endodontic treatment on the long-term outcomes of GTR. Potential pathways between the pulp and periodontal ligament, which may be responsible for the failure of the regeneration of new periodontal attachment apparatus, are explored. Examination and review of the clinical and research findings in the literature relating to perio-endo lesions are made to demonstrate that a negative influence may exist between GTR outcomes and the status of the pulp.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the correlation between the presence of a crown (CR) or a proximal restoration (RE) and furcation involvement (FI) on molar teeth. Data were collected from 134 periodontal maintenance patients who had restored and non-restored molars present both with and without FI. A majority of the restorations that were present in these patients had been in place for at least 5 years prior to the study. First and second molars were examined clinically using the following criteria: CR, RE, FI, mobility (MO), and probing periodontal attachment level (AL). Data were analyzed with a statistical program utilizing Pearson chi-square and the pair-difference t test. The results indicated that molars with CR or RE had a significantly (P < 0.01) higher percentage of FI but no greater mobility when compared to molars without restorations. Mean probing periodontal attachment loss was greater for restored than non-restored molars but only with marginal significance (P = 0.051). There was a greater difference in mean AL between restored versus non-restored maxillary molars than for mandibular molars. This cross-sectional study provides evidence that molars with crowns or restorations involving the proximal tooth surfaces had a higher prevalence of FI and greater AL than molars without restorations.

The results indicate that EBF, together with simultaneously guided bone augmentation, allows clinicians to correct apical buccal fenestration defects while maintaining the supraosseous soft tissue during flapless immediate implant surgery.

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